Joins

Question 1

Functional classification of joint (amount of movement)

Answer 1

Synarthrosis - immovable joint, close or interlocked surfaces joined with fibre, cartilage or bone

Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable, surfaces joined by collagen or cartilage

Diathrosis - freely moveable, synovial joints with one or more complex structures

Question 2

Rotation of the forearm

Answer 2

Pronation - Radius crosses over forearm
Turn palm to face posterior

Supination - anatomical position

Question 3

Special movements of the foot

Answer 3

Inversion - twist sole medial

Eversion - twist sole laterally

Question 4

Structural joint classification

Answer 4

Bony fusion

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 5

Explain bony joints

Answer 5

Functional class - synarthrosis
= articulating joins fused

Eg between left and fight frontal bones

Question 6

Explain fibrous joints

Answer 6

Sutures - synarthrosis joints interlocked with collagen fibres eg cranial sucres

Gomphosis - synarthrosis, tooth fitted in socket with ligament

Syndesmosis - amphiarthrosis bones connected with ligament eg between tib and fib

Question 7

Explain cartilaginous joins

Answer 7

Synchondrosis - synarthrosis bones attached by cartilage

Symphysis - amphiarthrosis bones separated by fibrocartilage disk

Question 8

Synovial joints

Answer 8

Cartilage, synovial fluid and joint capsule

Long bones

Question 9

Features of synovial joints

Answer 9

Articular cartilage-

Synovial fluid - high protein content, secreted by fibroblasts, lubrication, shock absorption and nutrient distribution

Joint capsule- fibrous connective tissue that has a synovial membrane

Question 10

Joint accessory structure

Answer 10

Cartilage
Fat pads for protection
Ligaments for support and strength
Tenors for mus
Bursae - pockets of synovial fluid cushion where ligaments and tendons rub

Question 11

Factors effecting synovial joint movement

Answer 11

Joint accessory structure

Shapes of articulating bone

Tendons and muscles

Other structures limiting movement

Less movement = more stability

Question 12

Intervertebral articulations

Answer 12

• intervertebral disks
• fibrocartilage pads
• Articular processes
• gliding joints
• intervertebral ligaments

Question 13

Joint diseases

Answer 13

Osteoarthritis - damage to Articular cartilage, obesity, injury, inflammatory condition

Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune, inflammation of Articular cartilage

Gouty arthritis- deposition of crystal a in joints at a result if gout metabolic disorder