John's strong position is threatened in 1212 by Wales, France and English barons so he seeks peace Flashcards
Who is the papal representative?
Pandulf
Who encourages John to meet Pandulf (the papal representative) to try end the interdict?
Peter des Roches and Geoffrey FitzPeter
Who is Geoffrey FitzPeter?
He is the Justiciar
In John’s first meeting with Pandulf, why did John continue to disagree with the agreement (return land, pay back the church, accept Langton)?
Because there was no written document from Innocent saying that he would not accept an Archbishop without the approval of the King again.
Why Philip in a weaker position than John?
Because Philip II was weakened during to the Count of Toulouse leaving an alliance with him
Why John in a stronger position than Philip II?
Because I’m 1211, John’s troops successfully defeated Welsh troops securing his position in Wales. He built castles along the border
Who did John form an alliance with to invade Philip in Spain?
Counts of Boulogne and Flanders
When did John begin planning to invade Spain?
At the beginning of 1212
What did John do that shows he is a good commander, after he found out about Philip’s weak position?
He was going to capitalise on Philip’s problems and his own strong position by preparing an invasion
Who was Llewelyn the Great?
Leader in Wales (husband to John’s daughter Joan)
Who was Llewelyn also in contact with which posed a threat to John?
Philip II
Who was Philip in contact with that posed a threat to John?
Unhappy English barons
Why was the Welsh not happy with John?
Because John killed 28 of the Welsh hostages once the Welsh began to take land in England and break down castles which John built
Who warned John of the plot between France, England and Wales to kill him?
His daughter Joan who was married to Llewelyn
Which of the English Barons fled England after John found out of the plot to kill him (and therefore guilty)?
Robert Fitz Walter (France) and Eustace de Vesci (Scotland).
Who wrote to encouraged John to make peace with the Church for the sake of his preservation?
William Marshal
Who did John send to Rome to finally try make peace with the Church, but what happened to them?
The Abbot of Beaulieu and others but they were captured on their way to Rome.
Who supported Philip’s invasion of England after he found out the horrifying stories of the clergy at the King’s orders?
Innocent III
What did Innocent III do after he found out about the horrifying stories of the clergy at the King’s orders?
He issued letters deposing John and called on Philip II to conquer England
What happened with the French barons after Innocent issued letters deposing John and supporting Philip’s invasion?
Forces began to muster in France
How much would Philip spend to prepare to invade England?
£60,000
What did Innocent do once the Abbot of Beaulieu arrived in Rome after his capturing and told him John’s offer?
He sent Pandulf to England to negotiate on his behalf .
When did Pandulf reach England to discuss the final negotiations of the interdict?
May 1213
Who did Pandulf say that John had to welcome as well as Stephen Langton?
He had to accept Robert Fitzwalter and Eustace de Vesci (the english barons who were plotting his death), as well as clergy who had fled abroad, and paying them money
What 4 things did John do alongside accepting Pandulf’s terms?
1) he issued a charter putting England under papal protection, so he cannot be invaded
2) made the pope his overlord, and making himself the pope’s vassal
3) paid homage to the pope
4) agreed to send 1,000 marks annually
How many marks did John agree to send the Pope annually?
1,000 marks
What did Matthew Paris say that making the Pope England’s overlord would be?
“something that will be detested for all time”
Who said that “to many it seemed ignominious, a heavy yoke of servitude”?
Barnwell Chronicle Records
Why was John/England becoming a vassal to the pope not as humiliating as people claimed?
The Pope was already an overlord of Aragon, Sweden, Denmark and Sicily.
When did Stephen Langton enter England?
July 1213
What big event did John plan to welcome Langton?
With a lavishly decorated church, as John waited with the barons during a grand procession of abbots, clergy, and bishops.
What did Stephen Langton announce that Innocent allow him to do once John accepted him as Archbishop of Canterbury?
He formally announced that the Pope had given him permission to end John’s excommunication not interdict
When only would the interdict be removed?
If John repaid the money from the church
What did John do to lessen the cost he had to repay to the church?
He forced monasteries in 1212 to send letters to the Pope saying they gave the money to John, he didn’t steal it
How much money did Cardinal Nicholas of Tusculum find was an appropriate amount John had to repay to the Church?
100,000 marks
Why was John blocked from only repaying 10,000 marks to the church?
Because Stephen Langton and the exiled bishops found this unfair
How much did John agree to repay because Stephen Langton and the exiled bishops found only repaying 10,000 marks out of £66,000 to the church unfair?
40,000 marks upfront as well as 12,000 marks per year
How much did John actually repay to the church out of the 40,000 marks upfront as well as 12,000 marks per year?
Only 30,000 marks
What happened after John paid the cost he owed to the church?
The interdict was removed! (WOOP WOOP)
