Job Analysis and Work Design Flashcards

1
Q

Job

A

A group of related activities and duties

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2
Q

Position

A

The different duties and responsibilities performed by only one employee

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3
Q

Job Family

A

A group of individual jobs with similar characteristics

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4
Q

Job Specification

A

A statement of the needed knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) of the person who is to perform the job.

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5
Q

Job Descriptions

A

A statement of the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job to be performed.

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6
Q

Job Analysis

A

The process of obtaining information about jobs by determining the duties, tasks, or activities of jobs.

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7
Q

Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)

A

A questionnaire covering 194 different tasks, that, by means of a five-point scale, seeks to determine the degree to which different tasks are involved in performing a particular job.

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8
Q

Critical Incident Method

A

A job analysis method by which important job tasks are identified for job success.

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9
Q

Task Inventory Analysis

A

An organization-specific list of tasks and their descriptions used as a basis to identify components of jobs (Contrast with PAQ, which is standardized, this is unique to org.)

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10
Q

Competency-Based Analysis

A

Used in dynamic environments where job demands change rapidly, identifies worker competencies needed to accomplish job tasks.

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11
Q

Job Design

A

An outgrowth of job analysis that improves jobs through technological and human considerations to enhance organization efficiency and employee job satisfaction; should facilitate the achievement of organizational objectives

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12
Q

Job enrichment

A

Enhancing a job by adding more meaningful tasks and duties to make the work more rewarding or satisfying (Vertical expansion of jobs)

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13
Q

Job Characteristics Models (JCM)

A

A job design theory that purports that three psychological states (experiencing meaningfulness of the work performed, responsibility for work outcomes, and knowledge of the results of the work performed) of a jobholder results in improved work performance, lower absenteeism and turnover.

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14
Q

Employee Empowerment

A

Granting employees power to initiate change, thereby encouraging them to take charge of what they do.

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15
Q

Five Characteristics of JCM

A

Skill Variety, Task Identify, Task Significance, Autonomy, Feedback

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16
Q

Skill Variety

A

The degree to which a job entails a variety of different skills, which demand the use of a number of different skills and talents of the jobholder

17
Q

Task Identity

A

The degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, that is, doing a job from the beginning to end with a visible outcome

18
Q

Task significance

A

The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people, whether in the immediate organization or in the external environment

19
Q

Autonomy

A

The degree to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out

20
Q

Feedback

A

The degree to which carrying out work activities required by the job results in the individual being given direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance

21
Q

Industrial Engineering

A

A field of study concerned with analyzing work methods and establishing time standards.

22
Q

Ergonomics

A

An interdisciplinary approach to designing equipment and systems that can be easily and efficiently used by human beings (AKA fitting person to the job)

23
Q

Employee Involvement Groups (or Quality Circles)

A

Groups of employees who meet to resolve shared problems or offer suggestions for organizational improvement; recommendations are generally sent to management

24
Q

Employee Teams

A

An employee contributions technique whereby work functions are structured for groups rather than for individuals and team members are given discretion in matters traditionally considered management prerogatives such as process improvements, service development and individual work assignments

25
Q

Work teams

A

A group of individuals working together toward a common purpose, in which members have complementary skills, members’ work is mutually dependent, and the group has discretion over tasks performed.

26
Q

Self-directed/Autonomous/High-Performance Teams

A

Groups of employees who are accountable for a “whole” work process or segment that delivers a product or service to an internal or external customer

27
Q

Cross-functional team

A

A group staffed with a mix of specialists and formed to accomplish a specific objective; assigned rather than voluntary membership

28
Q

Project team

A

A group formed specifically to design a new product or service. Members assigned by management on the basis of their ability to contribute to success and usually disbands after project completion.

29
Q

Self-directed team

A

A group of highly trained individuals performing a set of interdependent job tasks within a natural work unit. Team members use consensus decision-making to perform work duties, solve problems, or deal with internal and external customers.

30
Q

Process Improvement Team

A

A group made up of experienced people from different departments or functions and charged with improving quality, decreasing waste, or enhancing productivity in processes that affect all departments or functions involved. Team members are normally appointed by management.

31
Q

Virtual Teams

A

A team with widely dispersed members linked together through computer and telecommunications technology

32
Q

Flextime

A

Flexible working hours that permit employees the option of choosing daily starting and quitting times provided they work a set number of hours per day or week

33
Q

Compressed Workweek

A

4/10 is the most common approach; where employees work the same number of hours but over 4 days instead of five.

34
Q

Job sharing

A

The arrangement whereby two part-time employees perform a job that otherwise would be held by one full-time employee

35
Q

Telecommuting

A

Use of personal computers, networks, and other communication technology to do the work in the home that is traditionally done in the workplace