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Question 1

what is afffect

Answer 1

generic term that covers a broad range of feelings, not preceded by thought processes “valenced response”
positive/negative

Question 2

what is emotion?

Answer 2

more intense feelings directed at a specific person or event, immediate response to a specific stimulus that requires a level of cognitive input

Question 3

what is mood

Answer 3

feelings that are not directed at a specific person or event, subjective states that have a cognitive basis. Can come and go with sometimes unidentifiable causes, can enhance or interfere with purposive behavior

Question 4

what are the 3 stages of selye’s general adaptation syndrome model and explain the physiological and psychological responses to stress

Answer 4

Arousal and alarm -
fight or flight, nervous system releasing hormones
Resistance - physical/physiological, psychological
Exhaustion -
overload, psychological disorders

Question 5

explain the study design and findings from the Hogue et al. (2013) study on stress reactivity

Answer 5

Studied whether juggling in an ego involved environment raised stress.
ego involving participants had significantly greater anxiety, stress, shame, and self-consciousness relative to caring/task involving participants who found greater enjoyment, effort, self confidence and interest.

Question 6

what is a meta analysis

Answer 6

a statistical method of reviewing a body of research and evidence that is systematic and quantitative

Question 7

what was the overall effect size result of the Crews and Landers meta analysis on stress reactivity, how do you interpret that value in the context of the study?

Answer 7

average affect size was .48 which is medium. aerobically fit subjects had a reduced psychosocial stress response compared to the control group

Question 8

List and describe 5 different relaxation /stress management techniques and explain how
they would reduce physiological and/or psychological symptoms of stress.

Answer 8

1. take a break from the stessor
   can help you have a new perspective or practice techniques to feel less overwhelmed.
2. meditate
   help the mind and body to relax and focus. Mindfulness can help people see new perspectives, develop self-compassion and forgiveness.
3. get social support
   When you share your concerns or feelings with another person, it does help relieve stress
4. exercise
   even a 20-minute walk, run, swim or dance session in the midst of a stressful time can give an immediate effect that can last for several hours
5. smile and laugh
   When people are stressed, they often hold a lot of the stress in their face. So laughs or smiles can help relieve some of that tension and improve the situation.

Question 9

definition of anxiety

Answer 9

negative psychological and physiological state which created by perception or concern over a threat that are disproportionate to the actual threat

Question 10

5 physiological symptoms of anxiety

Answer 10

– Heart palpitations
– Sweating
– Trembling
– Muscle weakness and tension
– Physical fatigue

Question 11

5 psychological symptoms of anxiety

Answer 11

– Nervousness
– Worry
– Mental fatigue
– Concentration problems
– Apprehension

Question 12

what are the finding from conn (2010)

Answer 12

PA interventions decrease anxiety symptoms (ES - .22)
more effective with supervised vs home based
MVPA over low intensity
fitness facility vs at home

Question 13

what are the finding from wipfli (2008)

Answer 13

PA interventions lowered anxiety more than non-treatment groups (ES = .48)
comparable to or better than CBT, group therapy, light exercise, stress management, or music therapy
not more effective than pharmacotherapy although nearly so

Question 14

Describe the Adamson et al (2016) study

Answer 14

purpose: PA and SB’s effect on depression scores
hypothesis: higher SB = higher depression regardless of PA
sample: 3045, 18+ NHAMES participant with depression data who wore an accelerometer for 4 days
Overall findings: for non-compliant PAG an increase in sedentary behavior led to an increase in depression scores, for compliant PAG an increase in SB did not mean an increase in depression scores
strengths & limitations:
Conclusion: meeting PAG = less risk of depression regardless of SB, PA has a protective effect against negative mental health effects/impacts of SB

Question 15

describe issues or concerns surrounding treatment options for anxiety and depression in adults and kids

Answer 15

medication is not always safe especially for children. It has long term effects on the liver. Many refuse to seek treatment because of societal norms.

Question 16

discuss the Neidermeier et al (2020) study on the acute effects of a short bout of PA on cognition. Explain what they had their participants do and what their finding were.

Answer 16

Used a trail making pre and post test.
The PA group showed higher visual attention post-exercise

Question 17

what is the PAAC (physical activity across the curriculum)

Answer 17

The PAAC incorporates physical activity with academia, which is important because of the long amounts of time student are inside a classroom participating in only SB it also increases reading scores, oral language and writing.

Question 18

Give two examples of how you might incorporate PAAC for kids in school

Answer 18

Creating a song with a dance to go with it for memorization of material
Going outside and throwing balls to each other to learn each others names or important concepts

Question 19

Describe the Donnelly et al., (2009; see pages 168 - 170 and slides) study on PAAC over
three years. Who was the sample and what was the design? What were their primary and secondary purposes? What did they find? What impact did teachers have in the results?

Answer 19

Sample: children from 24 different elementary schools, 665 boys and 677 girls all in grades 2-3 ending in 4-5
Design: a cluster randomizes control trial
primary and secondary purposes: change in body mass index, daily PA measured by an accelerometer, academic achievement.
Teacher’s participation in classroom PA was directly related to children’t physical activities.

Question 20

Draw label and explain Fox & Corbin’s hierarchical model of physical self esteem.

Answer 20

Global self esteem
Physical self esteem
physical condition, body attractiveness, sport competence, strength competence

Question 21

physical condition (subdomain)

Answer 21

Perceptions of level of physical activity and confidence to perfrom PA in exercise setting, stamina and fitness, ability to maintain exercise

Question 22

sport competence (subdomain)

Answer 22

perceptions of sport and athletic ability, ability to learn sport skills quickly, confidence in sport environmennt

Question 23

body attractiveness (subdomain)

Answer 23

perceived attractiveness of figure, ability to maintain attractive body, confidence in appearance

Question 24

strength competence (subdomain)

Answer 24

perceived strength, muscle development, confidence in situations requiring strength

Question 25

describe Frayeh & Lewis study

Answer 25

Yoga in mirrored vs non mirrored conditions how it affects body image
sample: 97 college aged females
hypothesis: those in the non mirrored yoga class would experience a decrease in physical social anxiety and would lead to a higher increase in positive body image
Overall finding: those who were in a mirrored setting found themselves comparing to others in the classroom and higher social physique anxiety.
conclusion: in the presence of mirrors young women who compared bodies with those around them reported higher levels of social physique anxiety while those in non mirrored conditions had lowered social physique anxiety

Question 26

describe ways in which body image can be a motivator and barrier to PA and give two specific research examples we discussed in class to support.

Answer 26

Negative body image is a barrier to location and negative body image promotes more participation