jewish history Flashcards
what was the tallowy empire - greek
alexanders empire
What were the jews like under the control of the greeks - greek
the jews were left alone, yet still under the control of the greeks
What did the greeks believe about monotheism - greek
it baffled them, they could not understand how there was only one god who cared for all of the jews
What did the jews think about the greeks - greek
The jews had conflicting ideas religiously, yet still appreciated their education and their language - it was the only other language that a torah could be written in
What was the subtuagen - greek
it was a torah that was translated to greek, which seamed great in theory, yet was continued to be translated and as that happened was changed
who was the chanukka war between - greek
The jews and the greeks, and also a civil war between the jews and hellenized jews
Pharisees - greek
Do believe in the oral law that God gave to Moshe Believe in the written Torah Common people Rabbis Main-stream observant Jews
Sadducees - greek
Tzadukim, only held the written Torah
Don’t believe in oral Torah
Keep the laws of the written Torah
Pretty much decide for themselves what the written law means for themselves
Note - the jews have been living peacefully with the greeks, but the sadducees did not like that
The greeks reacted poorly and wanted them to assimilate
Reign of Terror - greek
A period, where the Greek King tries to get rid of Judaism
Greek attempts to destroy Judaism begin in 140 BCE
High Priest replaced by Hellenized Jew
This leaves a corrupted Judaism, as you have a Sadducees, who don’t follow strict Jewish law, as the role model
Destruction of time - greek
The Greek King understands that the Jewish calendar is very important to them, so tries to get rid of Shabbat and Rosh Chodesh
What did the Greeks do in order to eliminate the jews - greek
Forbade keeping kosher
Forbade studying Torah
Publicly burns the scrolls over pigs on fire
Allows the High Priest to sacrifice pigs
Allows the worshipping of Greek gods in the temple
Forbade circumcision
What did the jews do in response to the greeks persecution - greek
They revolted, and many jews were willing and did give up their lives, They began passive, but then escalated to a more violent resistance
The greek war 138 bc - greek
38 BCE Greeks demand a sacrifice
Demanding that the JEws sacrifice a pig to the Greek gods
Mattathias and sons refuse
As a Hellenized Jews is about to do it, Matitties stabs him and the Greek person who was with him
They flee
Set up huge armies in the mountains
Maccabee is the name of the oldest son who is the leading them
Jews vastly outnumbered
Greeks are professional
Have elephants
Tanks of the ancient war
Poorly trained, poorly organized
But, they know the topography of the area, and have their faith
25 years of on and off fighting
After 3 years the Jews reconquer Jerusalem
It had been defiled
Miracles
The Jews had the military victory
Fighting on and off until the official end in 113 BCE
Signed a peace treaty with the last surviving son, Shimon, becomes the Kohen Gadol
Reign of the Hasmoneans - greek
asi - title taken by Shimon
Doesn’t take title of king, because he isn’t from David
His descendants become corrupted
Hasmonean dynasty lasts 103 years
Territorial expansion
Forced conversion
One of the people who were forced to convert were the Idumeans
One of the descendants of the Idumeans was Herrod
Genius ruler, architect, but schizophrenia and kills a lot of Jews
Moral and religious decline
The last Hasmonean rules, 2 brothers, can’t decide who should be king, so they Invite the Romans to mediate a dispute
Occupy Israel
how were the romans to the jews - romans and the jews
they were peaceful with them, but only if they payed taxes
What were some significant good things that Herod the great did - romans and the jews
Tolerated jews huge advancements in construction and growth in Israel Fortress of Masada Port City of Caesarea Herodium The Temple
What were some significantly bad things that Herod did
corruption
persecution
hellenism
Sadducees control the temple
Why did the Jews take on a seemingly suicidal act by revolting against the Romans?
There were many ideological differences between the Jews and Romans.
Romans worshipped many gods
Whenever Romans expanded, they just add the conquered peoples’ gods to the Pantheon
What type of jews were divided and why was this such a large problem
- Hellenized and assimilated Jews
- Sadducees
- Pharisees
- Zealots
- Others that hold extreme views that oppose the Sadducees or Pharisees
Some of these groups worked together, and others did not, this resulted in a much harder war against the romans because the jews not only had to battle the romans, but also had to fight some of themselves
how did the romans persecute the jews?
Taxation and looting
Anti-Semitic governors
Jews’ citizenship was taken away from them, they revolt, all get killed and looted, synagogues burnt
Jewish leaders flogged and whipped
