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Jewish beliefs and practices Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 stages of jewish mourning

A
  1. loved one has died
  2. aninut
  3. funeral
  4. shiva
  5. sheloshim
  6. avilut
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2
Q

briefly explain the stage of aninut

A
  • lass unitl funeral
  • tearing clothes in life
  • they don’t leave the house
  • loved ones will cook for them etc.
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3
Q

briefly explain the funeral

A

the funeral must be kosher for example at a jewish funeral, there a no flowers and the casket must fully be wooden no metal allowed

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4
Q

briefly explain the stage of shiva

A

shiva (sitting shiva)
- don’t leave the house for the 7 days (except shabbat)
- loved ones will cook for them
- cover mirrors
- they don’t shave
- don’t buy new clothes

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5
Q

briefly explain the stage of sheloshim

A
  • start of the return to normal life e.g. leave the house
  • no shave
  • only the Onan (closest relative)
  • recite the mourning kaddish
  • lasts 30 days
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6
Q

briefly explain the stage of avilut (Onan)

A
  • light yahrzeit (candle)
  • lasts a whole year
  • kaddish (3x a day)
  • no celebrations
    (bar/bat mitzvah, birthdays, brit milah)
  • no shaving, no buying clothes, no new clothes
  • no music
  • ends with placing of the headstone
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7
Q

why are there different stages of mourning in judaism

A

The different stages are designed to allow a person to disrupt their everyday prayer lives to focus on the loss and changes happening in their lives.

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8
Q

What is Shekina?

A

Shekinah is believed to be God’s divine, and feminine presence in the world today. There are examples in the Torah from the exodus through a pillar of cloud and fire. Today it is felt during the lightning of the shabbat candles.

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9
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah

A

the jewish new year and it is the birthday of the world to the creation story is read

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10
Q

why do jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah

A

it gives jews time to think about what they have done right and wrong over the past year and to look forward to the year ahead.

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11
Q

why are apples and honey eaten on rosh Hashanah

A

to represent a sweet new year

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12
Q

what horn is blown on rosh Hashanah and how many times

A

shofar horn - 100 times

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13
Q

what is tashlik

A

‘casting away’
jews will throw crumbs from the challah into the water which represents the throwing away of sin

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14
Q

on Rosh Hashanah what happens in heaven

A

on Rosh Hashanah three books are opened in heaven and the actions of
everyone are recorded in them.

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15
Q

what are the 4 main features of a jewish gallery and briefly explain them

A

Bimah – where the Torah scrolls are read from
Gallery – where women would sit in an Orthodox Synagogue
Ner tamid – everlasting light
Aron hakodesh (the ark) – the Ark where the Torah scrolls are kept

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16
Q

what is Yom Kippur

A

Known as the ‘day of atonement,’ for Jewish people it is the one festival that all Jews will attend as it is the holiest day of the year

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17
Q

when does Yom Kippur happen

A

10 days after rosh Hashanah

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18
Q

when does Yom Kippur date back to

A

back to the time of the temple and jewish people would visit the temple in Jerusalem and offer a small sacrifice to God to atone

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19
Q

is Yom Kippur happy or sad

A

holy and solemn day

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20
Q

what type of clothing would jews wear on Yom Kippur

A

white clothing

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21
Q

how long do most jews fast for on this special day

A

25 hours

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22
Q

how many services would jews tend to go to at the synagogue

A

up to 5 services

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23
Q

why is the shofar horn blown

A

to mark the end of a day of repentance and prayer

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24
Q

do the rules of shabbat apply

A

yes but so does pikuach nefesh

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25
Q

what is believed about the books on Yom Kippur

A

It is believed the ‘books’ are closed as people sing ‘Avinu Malkeinu’ where they thank God for his mercy and pray for forgiveness.

26
Q

what quote is evidence for Yom Kippur
(Leviticus)

A

“the tenth day is the day of atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering to the lord” Leviticus

27
Q

what quote is evidence for Rosh Hashanah - think about the shofar horn
(numbers)

A

“on the first day of the seventh month hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. It is a day for you to sound the trumpets” numbers

28
Q

what is Sukkot

A

know as a harvest festival and is the festival of tabernacles

29
Q

how long is Sukkot celebrated

A

8 days - seen as a holiday period

30
Q

where does the festival Sukkot originate from

A

Sukkot comes from the time when the early jewish community were wondering in the wilderness after leaving the slavery of Egypt

31
Q

why do jews build huts/tents during Sukkot?
what do they do we these huts

A

represent the temporary shelters the early jews used in the desert
they live in it during the holiday

32
Q

there is an ancient tradition that a lulav (____, ______ and ______ placed in a woven ____ holder) and an etrog ( a type of ______ fruit) are waved in ___ directions showing gods power is everywhere

A

there is an ancient tradition that a lulav (palm, myrtle and willow placed in a woven palm holder) and a etrog (a type of citrus fruit) are waved in 6 directions showing gods power is everywhere

33
Q

what does the last day of Sukkot celebrate

A

the torah

34
Q

what happens to the torah on this day

A

the torah scrolls are taken out of the ark, with much singing and dancing, and are paraded around the synagogue

35
Q

what is evidence for sukkot from Leviticus

A

‘You shall dwell in sukkot seven days…in order that future generations may know that I made the Israelite
people live in sukkot when I brought them out of the land of Egypt, I the Lord your God.’

36
Q

true or false?
Sukkot is one of the 613 mitzvot

A

true

37
Q

what is pesach

A

pesach is known as passover

38
Q

what does pesach remember

A

recalls the time that the jewish people were saved by Moses from Egypt and reminds people that they are gods chosen people

39
Q

how do jews prepare for pesach

A
  • the home is thoroughly cleaned
  • all chametz (food containing yeast or raising agent) is thrown out
40
Q

why is flat bread eaten

A

it symbolizes the slaves who left Egypt were in such a rush that they did not have time for their bread to rise

41
Q

what do the bitter herbs like horseradish symbolize

A

the bitterness of slavery

42
Q

what does the salt water symbolize

A

the tears of the slaves

43
Q

what is the charoset made of and what does it symbolize

A

a mix of apple, cinnamon, nut and wine
symbolizes the cement used in buildings by the slaves

44
Q

what does pesach remember

A

It remembers the exodus from Egypt where they remember that God set the
Israelites free

45
Q

what is evidence for pesach

A

exodus
God has commanded Jews to ‘tell it to you children on that day’
so the story is told to children over the course of the festival and a Seder meal consumed with symbolic food

46
Q

define the term shivah

A

the seven days of mourning that starts straight after the burial of a close relative (e.g. parent, child, spouse or sibling)

47
Q

define the term shofar

A

the rams horn that is blown on rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur

48
Q

define the term atonement

A

when sins are forgiven and a person is reconciled with god

49
Q

define the term kaddish

A

a prayer recited in memory of a deceased person

50
Q

define the term sukkah

A

the festival of passover when jews remember the Israelites escaping from Egypt

51
Q

define the term Onan

A

a person who is. close relative (e.g. parent, child, spouse or sibling) of aa deceased person

52
Q

define the term shekinah

A

the divine presence of god

53
Q

define the term fasting

A

the act of not eating or drinking for a period of time

54
Q

define the term tashlik

A

the practice during Rosh Hashanah of throwing bread crumbs into water to symbolize the casting away of sins

55
Q

define the term mourning

A

the expression of sorrow when someone passes away

56
Q

define the term Aron hadokesh

A

the ark where the torah scrolls are kept in the synagogue

57
Q

define the term bimah

A

the reading platform in the synagogue

58
Q

define the term pesach

A

the festival of passover when jews remember the Israelites escaping from Egypt

59
Q

define the term seder

A

the plate with symbolic food on shared during the festival of pesach

60
Q

define the term minyan

A

the ark where the torah scrolls are kept in the synagogue

61
Q

define the term ner tamid

A

the eternal light that is on above the Aron hakodesh in the synagogue

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