Jewish

Question 1

1. Poor housing
   (Jewish)

Answer 1

Most Jews who arrived after 1880 were very poor and settled on areas like the Gorbals in Glasgow alongside other Jewish families who spoke Yiddish.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a negative experience in Scotland as they experienced very poor housing and living conditions in these poorer areas.

Question 2

2. Discrimination
   (Jewish)

Answer 2

Jewish immigrants often found it difficult to get a job, with industries such as banking openly refusing to employ them. They were often also banned from golf and bowling clubs.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a negative experience in Scotland as they experienced discrimination.

Question 3

3. Cigarette industry
   (Jewish)

Answer 3

Jewish immigrants ran the successful cigarette industry based in Glasgow, owning many of the city’s cigarette warehouses at the docks.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a positive experience in Scotland as they experienced dominance in a major industry which allowed their community to prosper.

Question 4

4. Tailoring efficiency
   (Jewish)

Answer 4

5. Tailoring efficiency - Many Jewish immigrants opened tailors and dressmakers such as Morrison’s. They used new, more efficient techniques to significantly reduce the cost of production and so sold much less expensive clothes.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a positive experience in Scotland as they experienced success in modernising a very traditional industry and become serious competitors in

Question 5

5. Social mobility
   (Jewish)

Answer 5

Many poorer Jewish parents pushed their children on to higher education, determined to support them in entering a profession like medicine or law.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a positive experience in Scotland as many experienced social mobility by becoming middle-class and affluent.

Question 6

6. Poor Relief
   (Jewish)

Answer 6

Groups of wealthy Jewish families such as the Glasgow Jewish Board of Guardians looked after the poorer Jews as they were worried about negative stereotypes emerging.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a positive experience in Scotland as very few Jews received any help from local poor relief, which created a positive reaction from Scots who did not view them as a burden.

Question 7

8. Trade Unions
   (Jewish)

Answer 7

Jews were heavily involved in the ‘sweated trades’ which were known for very poor pay and incredibly difficult working conditions.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a negative experience in Scotland as Trade unions heavily opposed these Jewish businesses and resentment of those Jewish business owners grew among the working-class.

Question 8

8. Bullying in school
   (Jewish)

Answer 8

The insular nature of the Jewish community meant that Jewish children were often treated as outsiders in Scottish schools as they did not have social experiences with other children out with.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a negative experience in Scotland as many Jewish children experienced bullying and name-calling.

Question 9

9. Insular
   (Jewish)

Answer 9

Jewish families tended to live close to other Jews and did not mix with Scots socially very often. Jewish families tended to speak Yiddish at home and at social events, and Yiddish newspapers like the Glasgow Jewish Evening Times were circulated.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a negative experience in Scotland as this caused a lack of assimilation and a very insular community to develop.

Question 10

10. Retail success
    (Jewish)

Answer 10

Like the Italians, many Jewish immigrants started businesses, and by 1920 some of Glasgow’s most famous retail businesses were owned by Jews, such as Goldberg’s department store.

This meant that Jewish immigrants had a positive experience in Scotland as some experienced business success in the retail industry.