Jeppesen - Terminal Flashcards
Standard holding pattern direction
Right hand turns
Holding speed limits up to FL140
230kts
or 170 for holding where the approach is limited to Cat A and B aircraft only
Holding speed limits above FL140 & up to FL200
240kts
Holding speed limits above FL200
265kts
Holding pattern outbound timing commences
abeam the fix or attaining the outbound heading, which ever comes later
Max time and distance of outbound holding leg
1 minute up to and including FL140
1.5 minutes above FL140
Holding pattern turns
bank angles of 25 degrees or rate one, which ever requires the lesser bank
Do you allow for wind in a hold?
Yes. Allow in both heading and timing
Sector entry 1 is called a..
Parallel Entry. Overly the fix, turn onto an outbound heading (the reciprocal of the inbound holding track) for the appropriate time. Then turn towards the hold to intercept the inbound track.
Sector entry 2 is called a..
Offset entry. Reaching the holding fix, the aircraft is turned onto a heading to make good a track making an angle 30 degrees from the reciprocal of the inbound track on the holding side.
Sector 3 entry is called a..
Direct Entry. On reaching the holding fix, the aircraft is tuned to follow the holding pattern.
What is a SID?
A preplanned IFR departure route.
What is the purpose of a SID?
a) Noise abatement
b) Airspace segregation for ATC purposes
c) Obstacle clearance
d) Maximum traffic flexibility
Do SID account for engine failures?
No
Wind allowance during a SID
Allow for wind where tracks have been specified.
Do not allow for wind when radar vectored
Speed requirements for jets
Must accelerate to 250kts IAS no later than 3000’ and maintain 250kts until leaving 10,000’ AMSL
SID obstacle clearance is what gradient and why?
3.3%
2.5% gradient to clear obstacles
plus .8% increasing obstacle clearance from zero at the DER
When do circling restrictions apply?
Day time in conditions less than VMC
Night time
Obstacle clearance provided by MSA
Both 25 and 10 NM MSA’s provide 1000’ clearance
Special rules if the 25NM MSA is lower than the 10NM MSA (usually the 25NM MSA will be broken into sectors)
You can use the lower MSA provided that the aircraft remains within the sector
When can you descend below a LSALT or MSA during an approach?
Not until the aircraft has arrived over the IAF
Unless;
Complying with a visual approach
When conforming to a published DME or GPS arrival procedure
When identified and assigned an altitude by ATC
Cat B Range of speeds for initial and intermediate approach
120 - 180kts
*140 max for reversal procedures
Cat B range of final approach speeds
85 - 130 kts
Cat B maximum speed for visual circling
135kts
Cat B max speed for missed approach
150kts
What is PEC?
A value added onto the DA in a PA to allow for inherent errors in the altimeter system. CASA allows adding 50’ to the DA rather than using your aircrafts specific PEC values.
PA Failures - NDB
Aircraft must join from outside the outer marker as directed by NOTAM or ATC
PA Failures - Glide Path
Only the LOC procedure is available
PA Failures - Marker Beacon
Aircraft may use the ILS but need to check altitude using the alternate fixes found on the IAL chart or by NOTAM
PA tracking tolerances
1/2 scale deflection
If after the FAP the LOC/GLS indicates full scale deflection a missed approach must be conducted
Reversal Procedure Turn Techniques
45/180 - Turn 45 degrees and track for 1 minute (Cat A & B), then turn 180 degrees to intercept the inbound track
80/260 - Turn 80 degrees, then 260 degrees in the opposite direction to intercept the inbound track
Entry regions for reversal procedures and base turns
+/- 30 degrees of the outbound track for the procedure
A missed approach must be conducted if…
a) Out of tolerance for the nav aid being used
b) When below the MSA the nav aid becomes suspect or fails
c) Visual reference is not established by the MAPt or DA/RA
d) A landing can’t be effected from a runway approach, unless a circling approach can be conducted in conditions at or better than those specified for visual circling
e) Visual reference is lost whilst circling
Missed approaches are designed to provide a minimum obstacle clearance of
100 feet at a gradient of 2.5%
Can you commence a missed approach prior to the MAP?
Yes, but you still must track to the MAP
If a loss of RAIM or a RAIM warning is indicated after the IAF, what must you do?
Missed Approach.
If the warning ceases, then GPS can be used for the MA
If the warning does not cease, then you must DR
When can you descend below the MDA in a circling approach?
Maintain the aircraft within the circling area
Maintains visibility along the flight path, not less than the chart minimum
Maintain visual contact with the runway environment (i.e: Runway threshold, approach lighting or any other markings identifiable with the runway)
At night conduct a constant descent from a leg of the circuit in keeping with the aircraft type to the landing threshold and maintaining the prescribed obstacle clearance for your aircraft category
By day you can descend below the MDA at any point in the circuit so long as you maintain the prescribed obstacle clearance for your aircraft category
Minimum obstacle clearance for Cat A/B in visual circling
300’
Circling area for Cat B aircraft
2.66nm
Circling area for Cat C aircraft
4.2nm
Minimum obstacle clearance for Cat C/D in visual circling
400’
The radius for aircraft circling areas are measured from where?
Centered on the threshold of each useable runway and joined by tangents
Maximum displacement from the runway centreline for a NPA? (cat A/B and cat C/D)
A/B - 30 degrees max
C/D - 15 degrees max
When can you circle in a “no circling” area?
Day VMC only
When must you conduct a missed approach whilst flying visual segment?
When not clear of cloud and in sight of ground or water in accordance with the altitude and visibility specified for circling.
When can you conduct a visual approach (day)
Within 30nm
Commenced at an altitude not below the LSALT/MSA for the route segment, or the appropriate DME step for a DME/GPS arrival or the MDA for the approach being flown.
Clear of cloud
In sight of ground or water
Vis not less than 5000m
Not below the minimum altitude in CAR 157 til within the circling area
When can you conduct a visual approach (night)
Commenced at an altitude not below the LSALT/MSA for the route segment, or the appropriate DME step for a DME/GPS arrival or the MDA for the approach being flown.
Clear of cloud
In sight of ground or water
Vis not less than 5000m
Within 5nm (7nm with a runway with an ILS) aligned with the centreline and not established not below “on slope” on the T-VASIS or PAPI; or
Within 10nm (14nm for rwy 16L, 34L YSSY) established not below the ILS glide path with less than full scale azimuth deflection
