Jenkins History Of Architecture Flashcards
When was the Romanesque period
In English architecture, the Romanesque period typically spanned from the late 10th century to the early 12th century, though its influence persisted into the mid-12th century. This period, known in England as the Norman style, began around 1066 following the Norman Conquest, when the Normans introduced their architectural style. Romanesque architecture in England is marked by massive stone walls, rounded arches, sturdy piers, large towers, and decorative arcading.
The best-known examples include Durham Cathedral (begun in 1093), the White Tower of the Tower of London (built in the late 11th century), and parts of Canterbury and Gloucester cathedrals. This style gradually evolved into the Gothic style, marked by pointed arches and greater emphasis on verticality, which started emerging in England around the 1140s  .
When did gothic start?
The Gothic period in English architecture began in the mid-12th century, around the 1140s-1150s, and is often marked by the construction of the choir at Canterbury Cathedral, which was rebuilt in a distinctly Gothic style starting in 1174 after a fire. This style is characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.
The early Gothic style in England, sometimes called “Early English,” became more widespread by the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Notable examples include the construction of Salisbury Cathedral (begun in 1220) and parts of Lincoln Cathedral, which reflect the more refined elements of Gothic design that defined the transition from Romanesque to Gothic. This architectural style continued to evolve in England, flourishing until the late 15th and early 16th centuries.
Where did gothic originate?
redesign of Saint-Denis beginning around 1135, aimed to create a new style that emphasized light, height, and grandeur, departing from the heavier, darker Romanesque style. This new architectural approach used pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses to support higher walls and larger windows, allowing more natural light to enter the building.
What is the link between gothic and Abelard?
The association of Gothic architecture with Peter Abelard, a 12th-century French philosopher and theologian, stems from his connection to the intellectual and cultural environment of the early Gothic period, particularly in Paris. Abelard was a major figure in scholastic philosophy and theology, teaching in Paris during a time when the Gothic style was emerging, especially at the Abbey of Saint-Denis near Paris, often considered the birthplace of Gothic architecture.
Although Abelard did not directly influence architectural design, his emphasis on reason, inquiry, and theological exploration paralleled the innovative spirit of the Gothic style, which sought to elevate structures both physically and symbolically. Gothic architecture aimed to reach toward the divine through light, height, and intricacy, just as scholastic thinkers like Abelard aimed to understand the divine through structured thought and logic. Thus, both Gothic architecture and scholastic philosophy were seen as part of a broader cultural shift that sought to make divine truth accessible through human intellect and creativity  .
What was a decorative elements common to English Romanesque?
Zigzag or chevrons
What are key architectural elements of cathedrals
Lancet windows (early gothic)
Develop into tracery (decorated period)
Rose windows - (decorated period)
How did English and French cathedrals develop from early gothic
English developed from French including decorated gothic which saw flying buttresses, rose windows etc. the. To perpendicular when English more elegant but French became every more flamboyant.
What are examples of English perpendicular?
Kings chapel Cambridge; Gloucester cathedral. Naves tall lots of window and celestory and pillars seems to become 2D
What is the decorative element of Southwell that Pevesner compares to the Parthenon
The varied leafs at the top of columns. Links to period of great respect for nature.
What is Ely famous for
It’s fabulous lantern window
What was the style in Henry viii’s time?
A time of new men, debates within the church. Erasmus backs an forth often. Renaissance appears in Sterling but not to Wolsey. Some ornamentation only. People still building fabulous gatehouses and vernacular.
What about elizabeth?
Somerset and his steward thynee esp the latter at Longleat followed some renaissance (Italian style). But these and later prodigy (English renaissance - neither one nor other) such as burghley and hardwick built to impress and host queen. Vernacular still being built too.
What changes as Elizabeth gave way to Jacobean?
Hatfield smaller windows and wings
What was first proper classical building (still standing in England)
Hill Hall Essex.
Example of vernacular still being built same time as prodigy houses?
Little Moreton Cheshire
