Jeffries, Ridley Exam 1

Question 1

B and T cell function

Answer 1

adaptive immunity
distinguish self from non self
recognize and destroy specific foreign agents

Question 2

b cells

Answer 2

humoral imminutiy
secrete antibodies to seek out and destroy a pathogen in the blood or mucosal surgaces (extracellular)
principle defense against microbed and their toxins

Question 3

T cells

Answer 3

cell mediated immunity and pathogen destruction

eliminates intracellular pathogens like viruses and develop receptors to recognize viral proteins to signal destruction

Question 4

Inflammation

Answer 4

redness (rulor) vasodilation, increased circulation
heat (calor) vasodilation, increased circulation, increased interstitial fluid levels
Pain (dolor) swelling presses on pain receptors, prostaglandins signal pain
Swelling (tumor) increased interstitial fluid, blocked lymphatic draining, vasodilation
Loss Of Function-edema and pain

Question 5

Chemical mediators of inflammatory response

Answer 5

histamine and bradykinin send stress signal to vasodilate
lysosomes digest foreign material within the cell
leukocytes (neutrophils first, then macrophages) for extra cellular phagocytosis

Question 6

Why is fever important?

Answer 6

increases metabolic rate for faster tissue repair

macrophages secrete pyrogen which resets body’s internal thermostat to a higher degree

Question 7

4 hypersensitivities

Answer 7

anaphylaxis
cytotoxic
immune complex
cell mediated

Question 8

anaphylaxis (type 1)

Answer 8

IgE

mast cells, basophils release histamine-prostaglandins-leukotrienes-shock

Question 9

Type II Cytotoxic

Answer 9

activate complemt IgG or IgM to lyse antigenic cell
transfusions
pemphigus
good pastures
graves disease
myasthemia gravis

Question 10

Graves Disease

Answer 10

goiter, exophthalmos

type II

Question 11

myasthenia gravis

Answer 11

progressive muscle weakness ptosis of eye, face neck, limbs

Type II

Question 12

Immune Complex Type III

Answer 12

soluble antigens in serum
serum sickness
arthus reaction-edema, hemorrhage, necrosis
systemic lupus erythematosus
RA

Question 13

arthus reaction

Answer 13

edema
hemorrhage
necrosis

Question 14

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Answer 14

type III
butterfly rash on face
rash, oral ulcers, arthritis, proteinuria, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, photosensitivity

Question 15

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 15

Type III
Chronic autoimmune disorger
swelling and heat in joints

Question 16

Cell Mediated Type IV

Answer 16

T cells makes this unique-not driven by antibodies
contact dermatitis, TB poison ivy
Steven Johnsons syndrome
GVHD
Insulin Dep Diabetes Mellitus
MS

Question 17

Insulin Dep Diabetes Melitus

Answer 17

Type IV

can’t produce insulin

Question 18

MS

Answer 18

Type IV

brain atrophy, oculomotor, coordination, incontinence, cognitive impairment and confusion

Question 19

serum sickness

Answer 19

uticaria, edema, fever

Question 20

Steven Johnson

Answer 20

Type IV

fever, sore throat, fatigue, ulcers, and lesions on mucous membranes, conjunctivities, round skin lesions

Question 21

Endotoxin

Answer 21

by product of gram negative bacteria that cause pyrogenic effect and the resulting disease. Sugar + Fat molecule crease disease states. Ex Cholera

Question 22

Exotoxin

Answer 22

Protein enzymes released from living microbes that cause body to swell. Ex staph (gram +) can grow and reproduce in salt. Toxins crease the sicness we feel. No smell, no spoilage. lots of vomiting

Question 23

Sepsis

Answer 23

temp greater than 101.4 less than 96
BP 90/40
HR greater than 90 bpm
RR greater than 20 bpm
WBC greater than 12000 or less than 4000, less than 10% neutrophils
less than 10cc/hr UOP
Bacteria and toxins in the blood growing out of control
cytokines produce widespread systemic vasodilation
*Need three of the above to qualify as sepsis