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001DEMIGOD_CC RANDOM DECKS > JC_ENH 1 > Flashcards

JC_ENH 1 Flashcards

1
Q

predominant protein

A

albumin

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2
Q

CF: Albumin

A

10

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3
Q

CF: Bilirubin

A

17.1

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4
Q

CF: BUN

A

0.357

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5
Q

CF: Na

A

1

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6
Q

CF: K

A

1

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7
Q

CF: Cl

A

1

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8
Q

CF: Chole

A

0.026

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9
Q

CF: Crea

A

88.4

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10
Q

CF: Glucose

A

0.0555

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11
Q

CF: Thyroxine

A

12.9

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12
Q

CF: T4

A

12.9

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13
Q

CF: Total Protein

A

10

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14
Q

CF: Trigly

A

0.0113

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15
Q

CF: Uric acid

A

0.0595

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16
Q

Conversion:

Conv. to SI

A

conv. x CF

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17
Q

Conversion:

SI to conv.

A

SI / CF

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18
Q

Convert 126 mg/dL glucose to SI unit

A

126 x 0.0555 = 7 mmol/L

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19
Q

chemical substance subject of chemical analysis

A

Analyte

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20
Q

compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs

A

Reagent

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21
Q

Term reagent is often used in place of __________.

A

reactant

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22
Q

T/F:

A reagent may not necessarily be consumed in a reaction like a reactant.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

anything that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not being produced or consumed in the reaction

A

Catalyst

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24
Q

process of testing and adjusting analyzer’s readout to establish correlation between measured and actual conc.

A

Calibration

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25
Q

a material of known conc.

A

Standard/Calibrator

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26
Q

sample that is chemically and physically similar to unknown spx and is tested in exactly the same manner

A

Control

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27
Q

set of introduction for methods used in the laboratory

A

SOP

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28
Q

type of rgt water with maximum water purity

A

Type I

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29
Q

rgt water used for ultramicrochem analysis

A

Type I

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30
Q

rgt water used for nano/subnano analysis

A

Type I

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31
Q

rgt water used for analysis of trace metals

A

Type I

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32
Q

rgt water used for analysis of drugs

A

Type I

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33
Q

rgt water used for analysis of hormones

A

Type I

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34
Q

rgt water used for tissue culture

A

Type I

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35
Q

rgt water used in most lab tests and routine tests

A

Type II

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36
Q

rgt water used for CBC

A

Type II

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37
Q

rgt water used for gram staining

A

Type II

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38
Q

rgt water used for rgt prep and QC

A

Type II

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39
Q

rgt water used for most qualitative tests

A

Type III

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40
Q

rgt water used in histology

A

Type III

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41
Q

rgt water known as tap water

A

Type III

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42
Q

rgt water used for U/A and F/A

A

Type III

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43
Q

expressed as the “% solution”

A

Concentration

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44
Q

Concentration formula

A

% / 100 = x / vol/wt

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45
Q

mol/L

A

Molarity

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46
Q

Eq/L

A

Normality

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47
Q

mol = ?

A

gmw

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48
Q

Eq = ?

A

gmw/v

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49
Q

valence = # of ___

A

Hydrogen

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50
Q

Dilution formula

A

vol of spx / (vol of spx + vol of diluent)

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51
Q

Corrected dilution formula

A

value obtained for diluted spx x reciprocal of dilution

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52
Q

centrifuge that is vertical at rest, horizontal in motion

A

swinging bucket/horizontal rotor

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53
Q

swinging bucket

air friction:
speed:
sediment:

A

swinging bucket

air friction: inc
speed: dec
sediment: poor

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54
Q

centri faster than swinging bucket due to less air friction which allows more rapid sedimentation

A

fixed/angle

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55
Q

head rotor of fixed centri

A

25-40 deg

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56
Q

centri with high speed and is refrigerated to reduce heat

A

Ultracentrifuge

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57
Q

ultracentri rpm

A

100,000 rpm

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58
Q

ultracentri is mainly used for?

A

lipoprotein analysis, to remove trubidity

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59
Q

Don’t respin serum separator tubes. Serum in contact with RBCs under gel can be expressed and increase which analyte?

A

K

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59
Q

electrolytes inc. in hemolysis

A

K, LD

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59
Q

Calibration of centri is done _________.

A

monthly

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60
Q

Disinfection of centri is done __________.

A

weekly

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61
Q

Apparatus used for centri calibration

A

Tachometer
Strobe light
Timer

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62
Q

pipette used to hold a particular volume but not dispense the exact volume

A

TC

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63
Q

pipette used to dispense exact amount

A

TD

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64
Q

Automatic pipette that relies on piston for suction

A

Air disp.

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65
Q

automatic pipette that uses disposable tips and is not suitable for viscous fluids

A

air disp.

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66
Q

automatic pipette that operates by moving the piston in the pipette tip or barrel, much like hypodermic syringe

A

Positive disp.

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67
Q

Positive displacement characteristics:

A
  • lack air cushion
  • suitable for viscous fluids
  • constant aspiration force
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68
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Protein

A

Inc.

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69
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

LD

A

Inc.

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70
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Lactic acid

A

Inc.

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71
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Glucose

A

Dec.

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72
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

TAG

A

Dec.

73
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Cholesterol

A

Dec.

74
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

K

A

Inc.

75
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Crea

A

Inc

76
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

CK

A

Inc.

77
Q

Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:

Phosphate

A

Inc.

78
Q

Analytes increased in fist clenching

A

K, Lactic acid, Phosphate

79
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

Glucose

A

Inc.

80
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

Cl-

A

Dec.

81
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

Insulin

A

Inc.

82
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

TAG

A

Inc.

83
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

K+

A

Dec.

84
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

Amylase

A

Dec.

85
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

Gastrin

A

Inc.

86
Q

Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:

HCO3-

A

Inc.

87
Q

Final breakdown product of Protein

A

Urea

88
Q

product of deamination of amino acids

A

ammonia

89
Q

High protein and low glucose will harbor what product

A

ketones

90
Q

Serotonin increase urinary secretion of _________

A

5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA)

90
Q

natural source of serotonin in the body

A

chromaffin cell

91
Q

serotonin rich foods

A

banana, pineapple, coffee, tomato, avocado

92
Q

a condition wherein a tumor secretes large amount of serotonin in the body

A

argentaffinoma

93
Q

argetaffinoma px prep

A

avoid serotonin rich foods

94
Q

relationship of Cl- and HCO3-

A

inversely prop.

95
Q

hormone which stimulates parietal cell and increases HCl in the stomach

A

gastrin

96
Q

after recent food ingestion, pH (inc/dec).

A

Inc (alkaline)

97
Q

during alkaline tide, K+ (inc/dec)

A

dec

98
Q

Urobilinogen favors (acidic/alkalinic) environment

A

alkalinic

99
Q

Intracellular or Extracellular:

K+

A

Intra

100
Q

Intracellular or Extracellular:

Na++

A

Extra

101
Q

Severe liver disease

Urea:
Ammonia:

A

Severe liver disease

Urea: Dec.
Ammonia: Inc.

102
Q

Increased ammonia may reach the brain and lower neurotransmitters such as GABA. this may result to which condition?

A

Hepatic coma

103
Q

What analyte is tested in the CSF in cases when hepatic coma is suspected

A

Glutamine

Inc. ammonia = Dec. neurotransmitter = Hepatic coma

(Ammonia unstable in CSF)

104
Q

TAG conc. which increases turbidity/lactescence:

A

400 mg/dL

105
Q

analytes increased when standing:

A

CACA

Calcium
Albumin
Cholesterol
Aldosterone

106
Q

Analytes increased when the posture changes from supine to sitting/standing:

A

Calcium
Albumin

107
Q

Effects of prolonged tourniquet application

A

Hemoconcentration
Anaerobiosis

108
Q

Duration of tourniquet application.

A

<1 min

109
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

glucose

A

INC

110
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

GH

A

INC

111
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

Cortisol

A

INC

112
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

Cholesterol

A

INC

113
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

TAG

A

INC

114
Q

INC or DEC when smoking:

UREA

A

INC

115
Q

INC or DEC in older age:

Albumin

A

INC

116
Q

INC or DEC in older age:

ALP

A

INC

117
Q

INC or DEC in older age:

Phosphorus

A

INC

(Dec. Ca = Inc. P)

118
Q

INC or DEC in older age:

Chole

A

INC.

Due to slow metabolism

119
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

ACP

A

PM

120
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

ACTH

A

AM

121
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

Cortisol

A

AM

122
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

Fe

A

AM

123
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

GH

A

PM

124
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

PTH, TSH

A

PM

125
Q

Analytes are increased AM/PM:

Aldosterone

A

AM

126
Q

Analytes protected from light

A

Bilirubin
Carotene
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin
Niacin
CK

127
Q

Analytes that require ice slurry

A

Lactic acid
Ammonia
Blood gas
Ionized Ca

128
Q

Order of draw

A

BCRRHES

Blood culture
Citrate
Red glass
Red plastic
Heparin
EDTA
Sodium fluoride
*Oxalate

129
Q

What will happen to Na, Fe, K, Ca when EDTA is used

A

Na, K = INC
Ca, Fe = DEC

130
Q

Additives that distort RBC morph

A

Oxalate (main)
Fluoride

131
Q

1st step in sample collection

A

Px ID

132
Q

Uses of arterial puncture

A

Blood gas, pH

133
Q

this test is done before arterial puncture to ensure proper blood flow

A

Modified Allen Test

134
Q

degree of arterial puncture

A

45-60 deg

Femoral: 90 deg

135
Q

Order of vein choice

A

Median
Cephalic
Basilic
Dorsal

136
Q

Tubes with Gel must not be used for what tests

A

ISBT

ImmunoSero
Blood banking
TDM, Trace metals

137
Q

Effect when tubes with gel are used for tests involving ImmunoSero, Blood Banking, TDM, and Trace metals

A

False (-), False dec.

138
Q

the transfer of one additive/specimen to another thru needle contact

A

Carryover

139
Q

additive most common cause of carryover

A

EDTA

140
Q

tourniquet must be applied ______ inches above site

A

3-4

141
Q

device that is used to inspect an organ by passing light through its wall

A

Transillumination

142
Q

Lights used in transillumination

A

LED
Infrared

143
Q

Std needle gauge

A

21’

144
Q

Needle gauge for pediatric px

A

23’

145
Q

Relationship of needle gauge and bore size

A

Inv. prop

146
Q

Length of needle that is believed to give better control and is less frightening to the px

A

1 inch

147
Q

Angle of venipuncture

A

15-30 deg

148
Q

swelling around the puncture site due to leakage of large amount of blood

A

Hematoma

149
Q

most common complication in blood collection

A

Ecchymosis

150
Q

leakage of small amount of blood causes

A

Ecchymosis

151
Q

When IV site is present, what to do?

A

Use the opposite arm or perform fingerstick.

If both arms with IV;
- ask the nurse to turn off IV for 2 mins
- apply tourniquet and collect under IV site
- discard first 5 mL (clear top or red top)

152
Q

10% contam. with 5% dextrose increase glucose by

A

500 mg/dL

153
Q

Pressure applied when blood pressure cuffs are used for venipuncture

A

60 mmHg

154
Q

Antiseptic used for ethanol testing

A

Benzalkonium Cl (Zephiram Cl)

155
Q

Length of lancet for skin punc.

A

1.75 mm

156
Q

Depth of incision during skin pnc.

A

Infants: <2 mm
Adult: <2.5 mm

157
Q

Skin punc. preferred site

A

Infant: Lateral plantar heel
Adult: 3rd and 4th fingers (Middle and ring)
Least preferred: Earlobe

158
Q

Order of draw during skin puncture

A

BSEON

Blood gas
Slide
EDTA
Other additives
Non-additives

159
Q

Arterialized Capillary blood is used for measurement of:

A

pCO2, pH

NOT pO2

160
Q

Preferred site for collection of arterialized capillary blood

A

Earlobe

161
Q

Don’t perform arterialized capillary blood test when arterial BP is below _________

A

95 mmHg

162
Q

any test used as evidence in legal proceedings (blood alcohol, DNA analysis, tox screen)

A

chain of custody

163
Q

a management philosophy and approach that focuses on processes and their improvement as the means to satisfy customer needs and reqs

A

TQM

164
Q

include analytical processes and the general policies, practices, and procedures that define how all aspects of the work are done

A

QLP

165
Q

emphasizes statistical control procedures, but also include nonstatistical check procedures, such as linearity checks, rgt, and standard checks, and temperature monitors

A

QC

166
Q

concerned primarily with broader measures and monitors of lab performance including TAT, spx ID, px ID, test utility

A

QA

167
Q

branch of TQM which provides a structured problem-solving process to help identify the root cause of a problem and a solution to that problem

A

QI

168
Q

branch of TQM which is necessary to standardize the remedy, establish measures for performance monitoring, ensure that the performance achieved satisfies quality reqs, and document the new QLP

A

QP

169
Q

a comprehensive program in an institution in which all areas of operation are monitored to ensure quality with the aim of providing the highest quality px care

A

Quality Assurance

170
Q

ability to measure the smallest conc.

A

Sensitivity

171
Q

ability to measure only the analyte of interest

A

Specificity

172
Q

closeness of the assayed value to the true value

A

Accuracy

173
Q

ability to give the same results on the same sample that agree with one another

A

Precision/Reproducibility

174
Q

area of QC concerned with instrument and method

A

Sensitivity and Specificity

175
Q

area of QC concerned about the laboratory itself

A

Accuracy
Precision

176
Q

characteristic required of confirmatory tests

A

Specificity

177
Q

characteristic associated with screening tests

A

Sensitivity

178
Q

ability to detect proportion of individuals with that disease who test positive for the disease

A

Dx Sensitivity

179
Q

ability to detect the proportion of individuals w/o the disease who test negatively for the disease

A

Dx Specificity

180
Q

Dx Sensitivity formula

A

TP / (TP + FN) x 100

181
Q

Dx Specificity formula

A

TN / (TN + FP) x 100

001DEMIGOD_CC RANDOM DECKS (4 decks)

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