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001DEMIGOD_CC RANDOM DECKS > CC > Flashcards

CC Flashcards

1
Q

the only hypoglycemic hormone

A

insulin

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2
Q

hyperglycemic hormones

A

GAGCHETS

Glucagon
ACTH
GH
Cortisol
Human Placental Lactogen
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Thyroxine
Somatostatin

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3
Q

glucose to FA

A

Lipgenesis

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4
Q

glucose to glycogen from storage

A

glycogenesis

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5
Q

breakdown of glycogen to G6PO4

A

Glycogenolysis

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6
Q

Hypoglycemia of infancy and childhood

A

galactosemia
GSD
Reye’s syndrome

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7
Q

Glycogen stores are used up in about ______ hrs

A

24-48

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8
Q

Decomposition of fat

A

Lipolysis

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9
Q

Hyperglycemia (level)

A

> /= 126 mg/dL

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10
Q

brittle diabates

A

Type 1

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11
Q

Stable diabetes

A

Type 2

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12
Q

DM assoc. with B cell destruction

A

Type 1

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13
Q

DM assoc. with insulin resistance

A

Type 2

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14
Q

DM

C-peptide undetectable

A

Type 1

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15
Q

DM

C-peptide detectable

A

Type 2

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16
Q

Normal ratio of C-peptide:insulin

A

5:1-15:1

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17
Q

BMI:

Obese

A

> /= 30 kg/m^2

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18
Q

BMI

Overweight

A

25-29 kg/m^2

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19
Q

BMI

Underweight

A

<18.5 kg/m^2

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20
Q

the brain can use ketones as a source of energy through what cycle?

A

TCA

Tricarboxylic acid

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21
Q

3 types of ketone bodies

A

B hydroxybutyrate
Acetoacetic acid
Acetone

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22
Q

parent ketone

A

Acetoacetic acid

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23
Q

Major ketone

A

B hydroxybutyrate

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24
Q

% of parent ketone

A

20%

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25
Q

% of major ketone

A

78%

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26
Q

% of least ketont

A

2%

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27
Q

Ratio of B-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate in severe D:M

A

6:1

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28
Q

Methods to detect ketones

A

Gerhardt’s ferric chloride test
Nitroprusside test
Acetest

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29
Q

test for ketone bodies which react only with acetoacetate

A

Gerhardt’s Ferric chloride test

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30
Q

DM associated to HLA DR3 and DR4

A

Type 1

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31
Q

Interferences in ketone body tests that can cause false (+)

A

ACE inhibitor
Other sulfhydryl medications

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32
Q

Vitamin C interference in ketone body tests

A

False (-)

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33
Q

DM electrolyte imbalance

Na, K

A

Low Na
Increased K

34
Q

Diabetic nephropathy is also termed as

A

Kimmel Stiel Wilson

35
Q

Sodium fluoride preserves glucose up to how many days

A

3

36
Q

glucose oxidase method measures the

A

B-D Glucose

37
Q

most specific method for glucose measurement

A

hexokinase

38
Q

measures the rate of O2 consumption which is equal to glucose conc.

A

Polarographic glucose oxidase

39
Q

Enzymes involved in glucose oxidase method

A

glucose oxidase
peroxidase

40
Q

enzymes involved in hexokinase method

A

hexokinase
G6PD

41
Q

2 type of chemical methods for glucose measurement

A

alkaline copper reduction
condensation

42
Q

reagent in Folin Wu method

A

phosphomolybdate

43
Q

rgt in Nelson Somogyi

A

arsenomolybdate

44
Q

reduction of cupric with glucose (2,9-dimethyl-1-10 phenanthroline hydrochloride)

A

Neocuproine method

45
Q

Dubowski method rgt (ortho-Toluidine)

A

glacial acetic acid

46
Q

Modification of Folin Wu

A

Benedict’s

47
Q

Stabilzing agents for condensation method for glucose measurement

A

citrate
tartrate

48
Q

HbA1c reference range

A

4-6%

49
Q

HbA1c effective treatment range

A

<7%

50
Q

Hemolytic disease can cause falsely ________ HbA1c

A

low

51
Q

glycated albumin is also known as

A

fructosamine

52
Q

Fructosamine is used to measure glucose control for how long?

A

3-6 weeks

53
Q

Liver disease can cause falsely _____ Albumin

A

low

54
Q

lab test for glucose homeostasis

A

FBS

55
Q

Normal FBS

A

<100 mg/dL

56
Q

Impaired plasma glucose

A

100-125 mg/dL

57
Q

Diabetes - FBS

A

> /= 126 mg/dL

58
Q

Diagnosis criteria for DM

A

RBS and 2 hr post glucose load = >/= 200 mg/dL

FBS >/= 126 mg/dL

59
Q

If a mother is not found to have GDM during initial screening. she must be retested at ______ weeks of gestation

A

24-28

60
Q

Screening test for GDM

A

1 hr GCT

61
Q

Confirmatory test for GDM

A

OGTT

100g or 75 g (WHO) glucose load

62
Q

glucose load in 1 hr GCT

A

50 g

63
Q

Positive screening test for GDM

A

> /= 140 mg/dL

64
Q

GDM is diagnosed if ____ plasma values are above normal level

A

2

65
Q

2 methods of GTT

A

Intravenous
Oral

66
Q

Methods of OGTT

A

Janney-Isaac
Exton Rose

67
Q

OGTT - single dose

A

Janney-Isaac

68
Q

OGTT - divided dose

A

Exton Rose

69
Q

CSF glucose is collected ____ hr after blood glucose

A

1

70
Q

CSF glucose is approx. ____% of plasma concentration

A

60

71
Q

most important carb to be tested in newborn

A

Galactose

72
Q

Diagnostic test for Galactose-1-phosphate UT

A

Erythrocyte galactose-1-PO4 uridyl transferase activity

73
Q

fructokinase catalyzed the conversion of fructose to fructose 1 phosphate

A

Essential fructosuria

74
Q

2 methods to test essential fructosuria

A

Seliwanoff
Bial’s

75
Q

Fructose test utilizing resorcinol in diluted HCl

A

Seliwanoff

76
Q

color rxn of Seliwanoff test

A

cherry red/red-orange

77
Q

color rxn of Bial’s test

A

red

78
Q

diagnostic test for essential fructosuria:

A

presence of fructose in urine

79
Q

GSD muscle forms

A

2,5,7

80
Q

GSD hepatic forms

A

1,3,4,6,11

001DEMIGOD_CC RANDOM DECKS (4 decks)

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