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Test 1 MH3 > Jazz Test > Flashcards

Jazz Test Flashcards

1
Q

Roots of Jazz

A

Spirituals, work songs, folk songs, African music, improv

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2
Q

Syncopated rhythm of the cakewalk of minstrel shows

A

Ragtime

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3
Q

Piano is the chief instrument of this

A

Ragtime

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4
Q

Scott Joplin is the principal composer of

A

Ragtime

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5
Q

In 4-4 time, usually 4 strains in 16-32 bar periods each

A

Ragtime

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6
Q

What time signature is ragtime usually in?

A

4-4, with 4 strains of 16-32 bars each

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7
Q

Syncopated treble line against a non-syncopated bass

A

Ragtime

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8
Q

Bass usually moves 1/2 speed of treble, called “stride-bass”

A

Ragtime

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9
Q

“Blues” describes what?

A

A depressed emotion state, about ghetto life

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10
Q

12 bars in 4/4 time divided into 3 four bar phrases on the following progression:

A

4 bars (I), 2 bars (IV), 2 bars (I), 2 bars (V), 2 bars (1)

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11
Q

Blues Chord progression

A

I IV I V I

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12
Q

How are Blues divided up?

A

12 bars in 4/4 time, 3 four bar phrases

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13
Q

Blues text is in what form?

A

AAB

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14
Q

How do blues singers and instrumentalists interact?

A

Singer sings for 2 bars, instruments respond for 2 bars, called “call and response”

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15
Q

Blues has what technique incoporated?

A

Call and Response

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16
Q

Blues harmonies use what?

A

Major and minor scales simultaneously

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17
Q

What is the blues scale on C?

A

C, Eb, F, F#, G, Bb

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18
Q

What are the “blues” notes?

A

Lowered 3rd and 7th in the scale

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19
Q

Blues performers include:

A

“Ma” Rainey and Bessie Smith

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20
Q

Who was the most famous Blues performer?

A

Bessie Smith, called “Empress of Blues.” St. Louis Blues famous performance

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21
Q

What is Bessie Smith’s nickname?

A

Empress of Blues

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22
Q

Instrumental combos with drums, banjo, and piano providing rhythm section and cornet, trombone, clarinet, saxophone, as the “front line” which improvised

A

New Orleans Jazz (Dixieland) 1920’s

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23
Q

Improvisation and spontaneity was an important aspect of

A

New Orleans Jazz

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24
Q

King Oliver was the leader of

A

The Creole Jazz Band, the finest of its day

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25
Q

Who made up the Creole Jazz Band?

A

King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Kid Ory

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26
Q

What did Louis Armstrong play in the Creole Jazz Band?

A

Cornet

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27
Q

What did Kid Ory play in the Creole Jazz Band?

A

Trombone

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28
Q

What is an important cultural characteristic of the Creole Jazz Band?

A

They were the first black ensemble to record a series of jazz pieces!

29
Q

Who made up the original Dixieland Jazz Band?

A

White musicians led by Nick La Rocca, they went from New Orleans to New York

30
Q

New Orleans Jazz moved up the river and created what?

A

“Chicago style” jazz in well, Chicago of course

31
Q

Who was Jelly Roll Morton

A

Pianist of Jazz, Ragtime, and Blues that claims to have “invented” jazz. Was an influential performer who pioneered improvisation

32
Q

Who was Louis Armstrong?

A

Possibly the greatest Jazz figure of all time, leading Cornetist of his day and influenced many jazz musicians

33
Q

Louis Armstrong did what?

A

Played cornet with King Oliver, as well as leading his own groups such as the “Hot Five”

34
Q

What did “Fatha” Hines do?

A

Brought piano to the “front line” as a solo instrument

35
Q

Early swing bands consisted of?

A

5 saxes, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones. Rhythm section replaced the banjo with the guitar, replacing tuba with the upright bass

36
Q

Early swing bands grew out of what?

A

Instrumental combos

37
Q

The Swing Era has what meter and tempo characteristics?

A

Triplet subdivision of pulse, more-up tempo

38
Q

Special compositions and arrangements emerged for the group

A

Swing Era, Swing Bands

39
Q

Pianist/Band Leader

A

Duke Ellington

40
Q

Became foremost composer and arranger for the swing band

A

Duke Ellington

41
Q

Duke Ellington is from what era?

A

Swing Era, Swing Band

42
Q

Swing Band Leaders

A

Count Basie, Benny Goodman, Glenn Miller

43
Q

Count Basie played what?

A

Piano

44
Q

Benny Goodman played what?

A

Clarinet

45
Q

What is Benny Goodman’s nickname?

A

King of Swing

46
Q

Glenn Miller played what?

A

Trombone

47
Q

Swing Era Singers included:

A

Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Frank Sinatra

48
Q

What was Ella Fitzgerald known for?

A

Scat singing, a style of improv singing

49
Q

Swing Era Music was the equivalent of what to us now?

A

Pop music, it was the pop music of the 30s and 40s

50
Q

Toward the end of WWII, some jazz musicians felt big band was in a rut, too restrictive and stylized, so broke away and began developing a new style of Jazz called:

A

Bebop

51
Q

Where does the term “Bebop” come from?

A

Scat singing, refers to a long-short note rhythm

52
Q

Musical characteristics of Bebop

A

More exotic rhythm, double time tempo, fast unison licks in the ensemble, faster chord changes-often two per bar, virtuoso soloists, 3-6 players, cliquish and elitist - looked down on other jazz

53
Q

Dizzy Gillespie played what?

A

Trumpet

54
Q

Charlie “Bird” Parker played what?

A

Alto Sax

55
Q

Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie “Bird” Parker did what?

A

Changed jazz significantly, often playing without music

56
Q

Styles that were created in the 1950s

A

West Coast Jazz, Jazz in odd meters, Avant-garde jazz

57
Q

Miles Davis

A

West Coast Jazz, played trumpet

58
Q

Dave Brubeck

A

Jazz in odd meters, played piano

59
Q

John Coltrane

A

Avant-garde jazz, tenor sax

60
Q

Emphasized virtuosity and use of thematic ideas for improv rather than on harmonic changes

A

John Coltrane

61
Q

Revival of big bands in 60’s, Buddy Rich

A

New Groups - 60s to present

62
Q

Buddy Rich played

A

Drums

63
Q

Fusion groups of 70s, which fused jazz harmonies with rock

A

New Groups - 60’s to present

64
Q

Notable Fusion Groups

A

Blood, Sweat, and Tears, Chicago, Steely Dan

65
Q

Added ethnic influences from Latin America or Africa

A

New Groups - 60s to present

66
Q

Herbie Hancock

A

Latin America or African Influence

67
Q

Fusion of Bluegrass and Folk Music

A

New Groups - 60s to present

68
Q

Who are notable Bluegrass and Folk music artists?

A

Bela Fleck and the Flecktones

Test 1 MH3 (6 decks)

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