Jarvis Chapter 19: Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
Increased tactile fremitus would be evident in an individual who has which of the following conditions?
A. Pneumothorax
B. Crepitus
C. Emphysema
D. Pneumonia
D. Pneumonia
Fremitus is a palpable vibration. Increased fremitus occurs with compression or consolidation of lung tissue (e.g., lobar pneumonia).
A clinical manifestation common in an individual with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
A. hyperventilation.
B. periodic breathing patterns.
C. pursed-lip breathing.
D. unequal chest expansion.
C. pursed-lip breathing.
An individual with COPD may purse the lips in a whistling position. By exhaling slowly and against a narrow opening, the pressure in the bronchial tree remains positive, and fewer airways collapse.
The thoracic cage is defined by the
A. clavicle, scapula, and spinous processes.
B. sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and diaphragm.
C. costochondral junctions and costal margin.
D. xiphoid process.
B. sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and diaphragm.
The thoracic cage is defined by the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and diaphragm.
Inspiration is primarily facilitated by which of the following muscles?
A. Internal intercostals and abdominal
B. Trapezius and sternomastoid muscles
C. Diaphragm and rectus abdominis
D. Diaphragm and intercostals
D. Diaphragm and intercostals
The major muscle responsible for inspiration is the diaphragm. Intercostal muscles lift the sternum and elevate the ribs, making them more horizontal; this increases the anteroposterior diameter.
Which of the following voice sounds would be a normal finding on auscultation with the stethoscope?
A. The “eeeee” sound is clear and sounds like “eeeee.”
B. The voice transmission is distinct and sounds close to the ear.
C. Whispered “1-2-3” is audible and distinct.
D. The whispered sound is transmitted clearly.
A. The “eeeee” sound is clear and sounds like “eeeee.”
A normal finding from voice sounds is egophony, where “eeeee” is heard through the stethoscope clearly.
The gradual loss of intra-alveolar septa and a decreased number of alveoli in the lungs of the older adult cause
A. decreased surface area for gas exchange.
B. decreased lung elasticity.
C. hyperventilation.
D. postoperative atelectasis.
A. decreased surface area for gas exchange.
The loss of intra-alveolar septa and decreased number of alveoli are histological changes that result in less surface area for gas exchange; this is a factor increasing the risk for shortness of breath during greater exertion in the older adult.
The function of the trachea and bronchi is to
A. transport gases between the environment and the lung parenchyma.
B. increase air turbulence and velocity for maximum gas transport.
C. moisturize air for optimal respiration.
D. condense inspired air for better gas exchange.
A. transport gases between the environment and the lung parenchyma.
The trachea and bronchi transport gases between the environment and the lung parenchyma.
Stridor is a high-pitched, inspiratory crowing sound commonly associated with
A. atelectasis.
B. congestive heart failure.
C. upper airway obstruction.
D. pneumothorax.
C. upper airway obstruction.
Stridor is associated with upper airway obstruction from swollen, inflamed tissues or a lodged foreign body.
Percussion of the chest is
A. helpful only in identifying surface alterations of lung tissue.
B. a useful technique for identifying small lesions in lung tissue.
C. not influenced by the overlying chest muscle and fat tissue.
D. normal if a dull note is elicited.
A. helpful only in identifying surface alterations of lung tissue.
Percussion detects only the outer 5 to 7 cm of tissue; it will not penetrate to reveal any change in density deeper than that.
Which of the following correctly expresses the relationship to the lobes of the lungs and their anatomical position?
A. Upper lobes—posterior chest
B. Upper lobes—lateral chest
C. Lower lobes—posterior chest
D. Lower lobes—anterior chest
C. Lower lobes—posterior chest
The posterior chest is almost all lower lobe.
An increase in the transverse diameter of the chest cage in a pregnant female is caused by a(n)
A. increase in tidal volume.
B. increase in estrogen.
C. compensatory increase in respiratory parenchyma.
D. increase in surfactant.
B. increase in estrogen.
The increase in estrogen level during pregnancy relaxes the chest cage ligaments. This causes an increase in the transverse diameter of the chest cage by 2 cm, and the costal angle widens.
