JARVIS Flashcards
Normal Pitch of Bronchial (Tracheal) Breath Sounds?
High, Loud
Normal Pitch of Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds?
Moderate
Normal Pitch of Vesicular Breath Sounds?
Low, Soft
Normal Duration of Bronchial (Tracheal) Breath Sounds?
Expiration > Inspiration
Normal Duration of Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds?
Inspiration = Expiration
Normal Duration of Vesicular Breath Sounds?
Inspiration > Expiration
Normal Location for Bronchial (Tracheal) Breath Sounds?
Trachea & Larynx; sounds harsh, hollow, tubular
Normal Location for Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds?
Over major bronchi where fewer alveoli are located; posterior, between scapulae especially on right side; anterior around upper sternum in 1st and 2nd intercostal space
Normal Location for Vesicular Breath Sounds?
Over peripheral lung fields where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli, sounds rustling like the sound of wind in trees
Function of Olfactory Nerve (I)
Smell
Function of Optic Nerve (II)
Vision
Function of Oculomotor Nerve (III)
Most EOM movement, opening eyelids; pupil constriction, lens shape
Function of Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Down and inward movement of eye
Function of Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Muscles of mastication; sensation of face and scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of mouth and nose
Function of Abducens Nerve (VI)
Lateral movement of eye
Functions of Facial Nerve (VII)
Facial muscles, close eye, labial speech, close moth; taste (sweet, salty, sour, bitter) on anterior 2/3 of tongue; saliva, and tear secretion
Function of Acoustic Nerve (VIII)
Hearing and equilibrium
Function of Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Pharynx (phonation and swallowing); taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue; gag reflex; parotid gland and carotid reflex
Function of Vagus Nerve (X)
pharynx and larynx (talking and swallowing); general sensation from carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx, viscera
Function of Spinal Nerve (XI)
Movement of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle
Function of Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Movement of tongue
Undesirable or potentially dangerous, negative effects
Adverse Effects
Nurses responsibilities regarding drug therapy are?
- Administer
- Assess drug effects
- Intervene to make drug regimen more tolerable
- Provide patient teaching about drug (regimen).
- Monitor overall patient care plan to prevent errors
Initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential; uses laboratory animals, not humans
Preclinical Trials
A pilot study of a potential drug done with a small number of selected, healthy human volunteers
Phase I Study
A clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat; patients must provide informed consent
Phase II Study
Use of a proposed drug on a wide scale in the clinical setting with patients who have the disease the drug is thought to treat
Phase III Study
Continual evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing
Phase IV Study
Federal agency responsible for regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
What are the sources of drugs?
- Plants
- Foods
- Animals
- Salts of inorganic compounds
- Synthetic Sources
To be approved for marketing, a drug must…?
- Pass through animal testing
- Pass testing on healthy humans
- Pass selected testing on people with the disease being treated
- Pass broad testing on people with the disease being treated
Defined drug abuse and classified drugs as to their potential for abuse; provided strict control over distribution, storage, and use of these drugs
Controlled Substances Act
Several studies in pregnant women did not show risk to fetus in 1st trimester of pregnancy; no evidence of risk in later trimesters
Category A
Animal studies did not show risk to fetus but there are not enough studies in pregnant women; or animal studies have shown adverse effects but enough studies in pregnant women did not show enough risk to the fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters
Category B
Animal studies have shown adverse effect on fetus but there are not enough studies in humans; benefit from use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite potential risks; or there are no animal reproduction studies and not enough studies in humans
Category C
There is evidence of human fetal risk but potential benefits from the use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite potential risks
Category D
Studies in animals or humans demonstrate fetal abnormalities or adverse reactions; reports indicate evidence of fetal risk; the risk of use in a pregnant woman outweigh any possible benefits
Category X
High abuse potential and no acceptable medical use (heroin, marijuana, LSD)
Schedule I (C-I)
High abuse potential with severe dependence liability (narcotics, amphetamines, barbiturates)
Schedule II (C-II)
Less abuse potential than schedule II drugs and moderate dependence liability (non-barbiturate sedatives, non amphetamine stimulants, limited amounts of certain narcotics)
Schedule III (C-III)
Less abuse potential than schedule III and limited dependence liability
Schedule IV (C-IV)
Limited abuse potential; certain schedule V drugs may be purchased w/o prescription directly from pharmacist
Schedule V (C-V)
Problems related to OTC Drugs:
- Signs/symptoms of underlying disease can be masked, making diagnosis difficult
- Drug interactions and interference with drug therapy
- Not taking as directed resulting in serious overdoses
