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Step 3 > January Deck > Flashcards

January Deck Flashcards

1
Q

With complete tear of _____ pt cannot extend knee or keep leg straight during flexion

A

With complete tear of PATELLAR TENDON pt cannot extend knee or keep leg straight during flexion

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2
Q

Tuberous sclerosis complex sx

A

ash-leaf spots, angiofibromas, shagreen patches
CNS lesions, epilepsy ID, autism,
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma, renal angiomyolipomas

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3
Q

Treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

chest tube (needle decompression is only if emergent, would need CT later anyway)

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4
Q

Scoliosis Red flag sx

A

Back pain
Neurologic sx
Rapidly progressive curvature
vertebral anomalies on X-ray

(could indicate tumor –> MRI)

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5
Q

Cobb Angle of ______ degrees is considered variant of normal

A

Cobb Angle of <10 degrees is considered variant of normal
Therefore no intervention unless sx develop

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6
Q

Cobb Angle of ________ degrees should be sent for surgical eval/intervention

A

> 40 degrees

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7
Q

Spirometry obstructive pattern: FEV1/FVC _____

A

Spirometry obstructive pattern: FEV1/FVC <0.7

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8
Q

If spirometry does not capture bronchospasm in suspected asthma administer _________

A

Methacholine (muscarinic agonist) challenge to initiate bronchospasm
(person w/ asthma will be more effected than person w/o)

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9
Q

First line treatment of acute-mania is _______

A

anti-psychotics (ex: risperidone)

Lithium and valproate are first line for Bi-polar in general but NOT mania

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10
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis sx:

A

Fatigue + puritis, mild AST/ALT high, VERY Alk phos HIGH

autoimmune fibrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts

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11
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis tx

A

ursodexycholic acid

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12
Q

Primary biliary cholangitis common nutritional complication

A

bone loss

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13
Q

What meds to you start with new dx PAD?

A

statin and ASA

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14
Q

1st line management PAD?

A

Supervised exercise class
(bipass surgery or stent placement only if limb ischemia)

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15
Q

When is splinting with early mobilization/PT appropriate in wrist/hand injury?

A

Only when fracture has formally been ruled out

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16
Q

Scaphoid fracture sx

A

Pain over “anatomic snuff box”
Dec grip strength
Initial Xray may be negative

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17
Q

Most common complication of scaphoid fracture:

A

non-union and avascular necrosis

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18
Q

Pre-diabetes A1c

A

5.7-6.4%

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19
Q

Dx of diabetes

A

HA1c >6.5%
Fasting glucose >126
Random glucose >200
Glucose challenge test: 2 hr plasma glucose >200

Need 2 of these to officially diagnose lolol lies

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20
Q

Lichen Planus sx

A

shiny, purple-ish, itchy, pruritic leisions w/ white lines, often wrists and ankles
white lines in mouth

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21
Q

Lichen planus is associated with ______what disease?

A

liver disease (hep C)

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22
Q

MEDICATION Management of Acute Chest Syndrome (SCD) is:

A

Pain control
CTX and azithromycin (infx most common trigger)

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23
Q

What meds are CONTRAINDICATED in acute decompensated HF?

A

Beta Blockers
(reduce contractility, may worsen HF)

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24
Q

Pts w/ Chronic Granulomatous Disease are at risk for infx from:

A

Catalyze positive bacteria and fungi
(S aureus, B cepacia, Serratia, Nocardia, Aspergillus)

Bactrim & Fluconazole

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25
Q

New Hematochezia and HD INstability, first step of SURGICAL/GI management is ____

A

EGD - diagnostic AND therapeutic
(most likely high volume upper GI bleed, esp if no reason to suspect lower GI bleed)

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26
Q

Management of salmonalla:

A

supportive (if immunocompetent and >12 mo old)

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27
Q

Suspect stress hyperglycemia in pts w/:

A

severe illness
Temp >102.2
Sepsis, Meningitis

28
Q

Treat pseudofolliculitis barbae by

A

stopping shaving LOL

29
Q

Corneal abrasion management

A
  1. wash out eye to remove debris
  2. topical abx
  3. opthalmology follow up
30
Q

Sx Sarcoidosis

A

Dry cough
lymphadenopathy
anterior/posterior uviitis
erythema nodosum

31
Q

Cerebral venus thrombus sx

A

Stroke-like findings (ex: weakness)
ICP (headache/blurry vision w/ valsalva)
Prothrombotic risk factors (preg)

treat: LMWH

32
Q

Chronic, scaly plaque, “sandpaper-like,” +/- erythema, +/- growth/horn

A

Actinic Keratosis is a precursor to SSC
Tx: liquid nitrogen

33
Q

placenta acreta =

A

placenta implanting into uterine wall

34
Q

Randomized clinical trials examine _________, not _________

A

Randomized clinical trials examine EFFICACY, not adverse events.

35
Q

ANY concern for child abuse notify _______

A

child protective services

36
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia sx

A

Sudden onset (embolus)
Periumbillical pain out of proportion to exam
N/V

37
Q

Colonic ischemia

A

gradual onset 2/2 dec blood flow to watershed areas
minimal-mod pain
bloody diarrhea

38
Q

Diagnosis of urinary schistosomiosis

A

identify eggs on urine sediment microscopy (no imaging)

39
Q

HELLP sx:

A

hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

THIRD trimester

40
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) sx

A

1 AMS
2 Thrombocytopenia
3 Renal insufficiency
4 MAHA (hemolysis)
5 Fever

ADAMTS13

41
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) treatment:

A

Plasma exchange

42
Q

chronic, watery diarrhea, flatulance, bloating AFTER meals is…

A

Lactose intolerance

43
Q

Prior to starting stimulant therapy, patient needs….

A

throughout PE and cardiac history
(no ECG/imaging)

44
Q

Hypocalcemia sx

A
  1. Depression, fatigue, muscle cramps
  2. Tetany, carpal spasm (trousseau sign) and facial twitch (Chvostek sign)
45
Q

UTI management

A
  1. nitrofurantoin, bactrim, fosfomycin
    (nitrofurantoin & fosfomycin ok in pregnancy)
46
Q

Medication risks of pyloric stenosis:

A

macrolide abx exposure

47
Q

Ischemic stroke pts, thrombolysis contraindicated if….

A

BP >185/110 - risk transition hemorrhagic stroke
So dec BP first, then give tPA

48
Q

Best treatment premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder is…

A

SSRI

49
Q

cryoglobinemia syndrome is associated with…

A

hep C virus

50
Q

Sx overflow incontinance

A

constant dribbling, incomplete bladder emptying

vs. stress or urge

51
Q

Treat PE with thrombolysis if…

A

PE + Hypotension + low risk of bleeding

52
Q

Treat PE with embolectomy if…

A

Shock w/ expected death in hours

OR: failed management with thrombolysis (continues hypotensive)

53
Q

Management iodine-induced hyperthyroidism…

A

Mild: BB
Severe/lasting: anti-thyroid med ex: methimaxol

triggers: radiocontrast dye, amiodarone, topical-antiseptics, kelp-based dietary suppliments

54
Q

Dementia w/ Lewis Body patient’s should avoid… (med type)

A

antipsychotics

worsen confusion, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction

55
Q

Suspect pneumoperitoneum, study of choice:

A
  1. Abd X-ray - sitting up
  2. CT
56
Q

Treatment pneumoperitoneum (ulcer erosion)

A

SURGERY, and abx

EGD just not gonna cut it

57
Q

Indications PPV in newborn:

A
  1. Ineffective respirations
  2. Pulse <100
58
Q

highest risk indicator for PID

A

multiple sexual partners
(not previous STI/PID)

59
Q

Nephrotic syndrom in obesity.
Most likely:

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
2/2 hyperfiltration given increased blood supply

usually ASYMPTOMATIC

60
Q

Shoulder injury with WEAKNESS? then you…

A

Suspect rotator cuff TEAR
MRI

61
Q

1st degree relative with colon cancer? Start colonoscopy at….

A

40 or 10 years prior to relative diagnosis
otherwise start 45

62
Q

esophageal variceal prophylaxis medication?

A

Non-selective BB
(reduce portal pressure)

63
Q

SBP management?

A

Abx +/- albumin

NOT major thoracentesis (causes fluid shifts, kidney failure is what kills you, thora makes kidney failure worse)

64
Q

MELD score takes into account:

A

Sodium, Creatinine, bilirubin, INR

65
Q

Meds for aspiration pneumonia?

A

Same as CAP (CTX + azythro)

(don’t cover anaerobs unless abscess or empyema)

66
Q

atrophic scaring
velvety skin
joint hypermobility
risk rupture cordae tendineae (acute MR)

A

Ehlers-Danlos

(marfan doesn’t have skin findings)

67
Q
A

Step 3 (6 decks)

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