January 6/23 Lecture

Question 1

What is an antiquarian?

Answer 1

Someone who is interested in the past and digs up antiquities unscientifically

Question 2

Cristian Jürgenson Thomson (1788-1865) (danish) opened a museum of antiquities to the public, which artifacts were organized by the Three Age System: what are the 3 ages?

Answer 2

Iron Age, Bronze Age, Stone Age

Question 3

How old is the earth?

Answer 3

4.5 billion years old

Question 4

How old is the universe?

Answer 4

14 billion years old

Question 5

Archbishop James Ussher (1581-1656) (Irish) concluded the earth was created when?

Answer 5

4004 B.C.

Question 6

George’s Cuvier (1769-1832) (French palaeontologist) proposed what theory and introduced what concept?

Answer 6

Proposed theory of catastrophism, introduced theory of extinction

Question 7

What is catastrophism (Cuvier)?

Answer 7

Suggests that a quick series of catastrophic events accounted for the changes in the earth and fossil record

Question 8

James Hutton (1726-1797) (Scottish geologist) advanced the theory of ________________?

Answer 8

Uniformitarianism

Question 9

What is uniformitarianism?

Answer 9

Suggests earths features are the result of long-term processes that continue to operate in the present as they did in the past

Question 10

Charlie’s Lyell (1797-1875) (Scottish geologist) is recognized for what?

Answer 10

His contributed to the field of modern geology, “father of modern geology”, built on ideas of uniformitarianism

Question 11

In 1857, a ___________ skull provided evidence of a __________ human.

Answer 11

Neanderthal, premodern

Question 12

In 1797, what did John Frere discover?

Answer 12

Hand axes (12 feet beneath surface) below layers containing bones of extinct animals

Question 13

What did Jacques Boucher de Perthes (1788-1868) discover?

Answer 13

Known as “Father of prehistory”, discovered ancient stone tools with bones of extinct animals

Question 14

There was a widespread belief of what before development of a theory of biological evolution?

Answer 14

Widespread belief in the unchanging nature of species

Question 15

Jean Baptist Lamarck (1744-1892) (french nationalist) proposed what?

Answer 15

The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 16

What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics (Lamarckism)?

Answer 16

Suggests that if external environment changed, an animal would change to accommodate; would result in eventual modification of body parts (giraffe stretching neck to eat higher will be passed to baby)

Question 17

Charles Darwin (1806-1882) was first to document what and developed what theory?

Answer 17

Comprehensively document the mechanism of how evolution occurs, developed theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 18

Alfred Russel Wallace (1832-1923)

Answer 18

Independently arrived at theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 19

What is natural selection?

Answer 19

Genetic change/changes in the frequencies of certain traits in populations due to different reproductive success

Question 20

What are the 3 main principles of natural selection?

Answer 20

Variation, heritability, differential reproductive success