January 14 Immunodeficiency and HIV Flashcards
Immune System includes what organs
What do they make and release
What does HIV destroy
Immune system includes: Spleen/tonsils/bone marrow/lymph nodes
These organs makes and release lymphocytes that are classified as B cells and T cells. The B and T cells fight invaders called antigens. B cells release antibodies specific to the disease your body detects. T cells destroy foreign or abnormal cells and are specific to HIV
HIV destroys T CELLS
Antigens
Bacteria
Viruses
Cancer cells
Parasites
Immunodeficiency
What is a Immunodeficiency disorder
What kinds are there
Explain both
HIV weakens and does what
An immunodeficiency disorder disrupts your body’s ability to defend itself against these antigens.
Immunodeficiency disorders: those you are born with ( primary), and those that are acquired ( secondary).
Primary: Common variable immunodeficiency, severe combined-alymphocytosis
Secondary Immunodeficiency Disorders happened when a outside source like a toxic chemical or infection attack your body:
HIV weakens our immune system so much that we are defined as having AIDS
Who is at risk
Family history
Aging
Anything that weakens your immune system such as exposure to bodily fluids infected with HIV
Removal of the spleen
HIV stands for
Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus
What does AIDs stand for
What is aids
Used to die in 2-4 years but now if?
ONCE CLASSIFIED IT DOES NOT CHANGE
Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
When the immune system gets extremely weakened and is no longer able to protect you from naturally occurring bacteria and viruses in the environment then you are defined as having AIDS
Use to be that if you had AIDS you may die within 2-4 years
It is better to get diagnosed early
Can take medication in order to better your immune system therefore they would go back to being a person with HIV and not AIDS anymore
How is HIV transmitted
Tats, drug use 60%, unprotected sex (vaginal, anal and oral), Bod fluids (saliva/sweat cant transmit)
Pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding
Throughout Canada male to male sex is the most common way to transmit HIV
After how many weeks can you be tested you have HIV and antibodies have been created
Symptoms
What is the latency period look like
12 weeks
Tender lymph nodes, rash, sore throat, diarrhea, nauseous etc. common symptoms of a virus
There is a latency period where you are infected but do not have any symptoms and then later on in life they may then begin losing weight and having a decreased immune system etc.
How does HIV effect immune system
What cell does it affect
what does it do
normal range of this cell
under what number is dangerous
affects what body systems
CD4 / T helper cell
T Helper cell – it is a lymphocyte-part of the body’s natural defense system against infections, pathogens and illness
500- 1500 (indicates health of your immune system)
under 200 equals weak
ALL OF IT EVEN MENTAL
How does it replicate
HIV cannot multiply on its own
HIV attached itself to an immune system T-helper cell-fuses with it—and takes control of its DNA-replicates itself inside the cell, and then releases new HIV into the bloodstream.
HIV life cycle 4
Bind and Fusion
Conversion Integration
Replication
Assembly, budding and maturation
What kind of virus is it
How many on avg does each cell produce
- Virus attaches itself to a T-helper cell and releases HIV into the cell
- Once inside the cell, HIV changes its genetic material so it can enter the nucleus of the cell and take control
- The cell produces more HIV proteins that can be used to produce more HIV
- New HIV particles are released from the T-helper cell into the bloodstream –they are ready to infect other cells and begin the process all over again
HIV is a retrovirus or backward virus—slow virus so part of the lentivirus group—replicating backwards from RNA to ssDNA to DS DNA to RNA
250
What doe it do to dendrite cells
how does it get to the T-4 cells
Explain the proviral capability
The virus lodges in dendritic cells of the immune system but does not infect the cell.
It can “hitch a ride” to the lymph nodes and begins it’s attack on the T-4 cells
The virus can persist as proviral DNA capable of replicating at any time—latent reservoirs—even after drug therapy—the half life is estimated to be 40-60 years
Natural History
Initial infection acute syndrome HIV- specific immune response Window period up to Clinical latency
Initial infection-3-6 weeks
Acute syndrome- 1 week to 3 months
At this stage virus is most readily transmitted
HIV-Specific Immune Response ( 1-2 months)
Window period up to 12 weeks-99% will test
Clinical Latency ( 10 years)
Point of care test
What is a accurate reading
what is a reactive reading
If it is a negative test it is accurate
IF there’s 2 dots there is a reactive test
If there is anything reactive about it or anything that is indeterminant then you would send it to the lab for further testing
Dried Blood Spot Test
Can test what
Useful how
Can test HIV pos or neg, how much of the HIV virus, Hep C, cyphilllus
This is seen in northern areas where there is not as much access to health services
If someone tests positive it is a phone call rather than a message sent because they do not want it to be missed