JanBehavioral Flashcards
Study Type : Compares a group of people with disease to group without disease
Case-control study
Measure of Case-control study
Odds Ratio
Compares a group with a given exposure or risk factor to a group without such exposure
Cohort study
Measure of cohort study
Relative Risk
Collects data from a group of people to assess freq. of disease
Cross-sectional study
Measure of twin concordance study
Heritability
Measure of Adoption study
Heritability and enviromental factors
Common to case-contrio, cohort and cross-sectional study
Observational
Experimental study involving humans. Compares 2 or more treamtents, may include placebo
clincial trial
Proportion of all people with disease who test positive
Sensitivity (SeNsitivity rules OUT - SNOUT)
Proportion of all people without disease who test negative
Specificity( Specificity rules IN - SPIN)
Proportion of pos. test results that are true positive
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
Proportion of neg test results that are true neg.
Negative Predicitve Value (NPV)
Consistency and reproducibility of a test
precision
Trueness of test measurements
accuracy
When group being studies changes its behavior because they are being watched
Hawthorne effect
Nonrandom assignment to participation in a study group
Selection bias
Subjects are not representative of the general population
Sampling bias
Subjects in different groups are not treated the same
Procedure bias
No association between disease and risk factor
Null hypothesis
Assoication between disease and the risk factor
Alternative hypothesis
An effect or differnce noted when none exists
Type I error (alpha)
Effect or difference is not detected even though it exists
Type II error (beta) Beta = blind=missed
Test checks diff. between means of 2 groups
t-test (Mr. T is mean)
Checks difference of mean between 3 or more groups
ANOVA
Test cehcks difference between 2 or more percentages of outcomes
chi-square (x^2)
Disease prevention that prevents occurrence
Primary
Disease prevention that detets diseases early
Secondary
Disease prevention that reduces disability from disease
Tertiary
