James Foreign Policy Flashcards
What did James see himself as?
‘Rex Pacificus’ the peace-loving King
When did James make peace with Spain and what were the consequences of this?
1604 in the Treaty of London
- James could no longer support the Dutch rebels militarily so English troops were transferred to Dutch garrisons
- Many people wanted to carry on fighting the Spanish as they were England’s main religious rival and it was seen as abandoning the Protestant cause
When was the Gunpowder Plot and what were its consequences?
1605
Meant James enforced recusancy fines and became more wary of Catholics, but he soon forgot about this and fines became more lax
When did the Spanish and Dutch sign the Truce of Antwerp and what were the consequences?
1609
Meant that during the 12-year truce Spain could focus on England, which raised tensions. Also meant that James felt insignificant as they had made peace without his involvement
When did James agree to get involved in the Cleves-Julich dispute and whose side did he support?
1609-10
He supported the French and Dutch
When was Henry IV assassinated and how did this help James?
1610
It meant James no longer had to send troops to help the French and so he could re-establish his neutral position
When did James express support for the Edict of Nantes and what did this mean?
1612
He openly supported the freedom of worship of Huguenots, making him not so neutral but gaining him support in England
When did James marry Elizabeth (his daughter) to Frederick V of the Palatinate and what were the consequences?
1613
Meant that he was going to need to find Charles a Catholic wife if he was to remain neutral, which would be controversial in England
When did James successfully negotiate a compromise in the Cleves-Julich crisis and what were the consequences?
1614
Meant that he prevented a massive war breaking out (for the time being) but that he overestimated himself, as he now pushed for the Spanish Match
When did the first negotiations for the Spanish Match take place and why was this controversial?
1614
This was controversial in England because Catholics were seen as Devil-worshippers, and Spain was England’s traditional enemy
When did the 30 Years War start and what were the consequences?
1618
It put pressure on James to support the Protestant cause in Europe and also increased pressure to drop the Spanish Match. James thought he could act as a mediator, as getting involved in the war would put even greater strain on his finances
What happened in the Palatinate in 1619-20?
Frederick V took the Bohemian throne without consulting James, leading Catholic states to declare war on the Palatinate. James refused to support Frederick, and his son-in-law was crushed and forced to flee to the Hague
When did Charles and Buckingham go to Spain, why, and what were the consequences?
1623
They went there to try and woo the Spanish Infanta, as they thought negotiations were going too slowly.
The Spanish saw this as Charles converting to Catholicism. After eight months of stalling on the part of the Spanish, Charles returned home as a hero of Protestantism. He started calling for a war with Spain, effectively working against his father
When did James agree to act on the Palatinate and what did he do?
1624
Agreed to fund an expedition of volunteers to fight, but most of them died of plague just crossing the Channel
When did Charles marry Henrietta Maria and why was this controversial?
1624
HM was a Catholic, meaning she could have an influence on Charles and his heirs, converting them to Catholicism
