Jainism & Buddhism Flashcards
Name the first, 23rd and 24th tirthankaras of Jainism
Rishabhdev, born in Ayodhya; parsavnath, born in Varanasi; vardhamana mahavira
Where was Mahavira born? What was his father and mother’s name?
Born in Kundagrama near Vaishali, north Bihar. Father-head of Kshatriya clan Jnatrika, called Siddhartha. Mother-Trishala.
Where did Mahavira pass away?
At age 72 in 468 BCE (debatable), he passed away at Pavapuri (near Rajgir).
Describe two sects of Jainism
Shvaitambaras: white dress clad (Magadha branch); Digambaras: those who keep themselves naked (southern branch)
What are the three jewels/triratna of Jainism?
Right knowledge, right faith and right action
What are basadis
Jaina monastic establishments
What language did early jainas adopt?
Prakrit and they discarded Sanskrit. Religious literature was written in ardhamagadhi.
Where was religious literature of jainas compiled?
Vallabhi in gujarat.
Where was Gautama Buddha born?
He was born to Shakya kashatriya family in Lumbini (Nepal, near kapilavastu).
Where did Gautama Buddha attain knowledge?
At Bodh Gaya, at the age of 35.
Where did Gautama Buddha deliver his first sermon?
Sarnath, in Benaras.
Where did Gautama Buddha pass away?
At age of 80, in Kusinagar (deoria, up)
What is eight fold path of Gautama Buddha called?
Ashtangika marga: right speech, right determination, right observation , right action, right livelihood, right exercise, right memory and right meditation.
What language is associated with spread of Buddhism?
Pali.
What are the three elements in Buddhism?
Buddha, sangha (Buddhist church), and Dhamma.
Which Buddhist text talks about cattle as givers of food.
Suttanipatta.
Archaeologically, 6th century BCE marks the beginning of?
NBPW (northern black polished ware) phase
The NPBW phase marked the beginning of which phase of urbanisation in India?
Second (first was during harappan civ)
Vessas were?
Merchant streets in Varanasi
Explain: Nishka and Satamana
Either coins or prestige objects of metal (mentioned in vedas)
Which were the earliest coins? Where were they first found?
Punch marked coins made of metal appear in the age of Buddha. Their earliest hoard was found UP and Magadha, some in Taxila.
What were the sulvasutras?
Texts dealing with measurements.
Pali texts speak of three types of villages in age of Buddha, what were they?
1) typical village inhabited by various castes and communities., headed by villages headman BHOJAKA
2) suburban villages: craft villages which served as markets and linked towns.
3) border villages: located at limits of countryside and merged into forests and inhabited by Fowlers and hunters.
What were rich peasants called?
Gahapatis
What was the nature of economy in this period?
Advanced Food producing, artisanal activity oriented (urban) economy.
What were Jatakas?
Stories relating to the previous births of the Buddha.
What was the nature of kingship?
The king was a warlord, and position was hereditary. Kastriyas formed then dynasties.
What were mahamatras?
Higher officials under king
What do these denote: mantrin, senayaka, ayuktas
Minister; military commander; class of officers in some states
Who helped create dissent in ranks of Licchavis of Vaishali to enable Ajatshatru to conquer the republic?
Varasakara, a minister of Magadha.
Who was dirghacharayana?
A minister in Koshala.
What were the various names village headmen were known as?
Gramika, gramini, gramabhojaka
Who were the revenue collectors in age of Buddha?
Balisadhakas-collectors of voluntary payment called Bali.
Tolls levied on artisans and traders were collected by?
Shaulkika and shulkadhyaksha
In this period, the sabha and samitis were most likely replaced by?
Parishad: small body consisting of Brahamanas.
“Republican experiment” is seen in which areas of this period?
Shakyas and Lichchavis (eastern UP, bihar)
Who was Bhandagarika?
Treasurer in the Shakya and Lichchavi administration
What is the Digha Nikaya
One of the oldest Buddhist texts in Pali.
