Jainism

Question 1

Jain Architecture

Answer 1

Jainism has influenced and contributed to many artistic spheres in India, such as sculpture, architecture etc. Jains built many temples, especially in western India.
Prominent Examples of Jain architecture are -
1. Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves are among the earliest Jain monuments. Located near Bhubaneshwar in Odisha, India. These caves are carved out as residential blocks for Jain monks during the reign of King Kharavela of Kalinga (second century BCE). They are partly natural and partly manmade. They bear inscriptions and sculptures depicting Tirthankaras, elephants, women etc.
2. Dilwara Temple complex was built under Chalukyan rule in Rajasthan between the 11th and 13th centuries CE. It consists of five ornately carved marble temples, each dedicated to a different Tirthankara. The interiors of marble domes are richly carved.

Question 2

Jain Sculpture

Answer 2

1. Common theme in Jain painting and sculpture are Tirthankaras or saviours; yakshas and yakshinis or supernatural guardian deities, and symbols for ex. lotus and swastika, representing peace & well-being.
2. A colossal monolithic statue of Bahubali at Shravanbelagola,b the Jain siddha (one who has attained spiritual salvation), is one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites for Jain worshipers. The statue was carved in 981 CE out of a single block of granite; it is entirely nude, customary in the Jain tradition.
3. Ayagapata is a type of votive slab or tablet associated with worship in Jainism. These slabs are decorated with objects and designs central to Jain worship. These include the stupa, dharmacakra, and triratna.