Chola Dynasty

Question 1

Chola society and administration

Answer 1

1. Entire kingdom was divided into Mandal, Valanadu, Nadu (villages). Cholas developed democratic institutions for governance at the village level.
2. The village panchayat, called Sabha, had extensive powers.
3. Assimbly members had tenure limit of 3 years and was reconstituted again.
4. Representatives were not discriminated on the basis of caste, religion and race. So, it was more egalitarian.

Question 2

Limitations of Chola Admin

Answer 2

1. Pot ticking system was followed to elect representatives. So, it was not a true democracy.
2. Some are ineligible to contest based on property disqualifications and education. Brahmins dominated.
3. No taxation powers to local bodies and they acted merely as central agents.
4. Central Government also had an appointee in village, named Adhikari, who influenced decisions of local government.

Question 3

Other features of Cholas

Answer 3

1. Emergence of Kanchi silk, bronze idol of Natraja, caste rigidity, sati and devdasi system.
2. They worshippped dead kings and built temples in their honour.
3. Trade flourished with China, Sumatra, Java and Arabia.
4. Land owned by temples and artisans were exempted from tax.
5. They made predatory naval raids to fill treasury once in a while.
6. They also sent naval expedition for setting up trade posts in foreign harbours as well.