Jacqueline Moreschi - Copy of Chapter 15 Urbanization of America.doc Flashcards
- What is the movement of people from rural areas to the cities called?
Urbanization
- What term describes a chain of metropolitan areas?
Megalopolis
- What five major cities make up the northeastern chain of metropolitan areas?
Boston
New York City
Philadelphia
Baltimore
5 Washington DC
- What was one of the main reasons why American cities grew exponentially during the late 1800s?
Immigration
- For what three reasons did immigrants come to settle in America?
Unemployment
Religious freedom
Political freedom
- Where in the United States were European immigrants processed when they first arrived?
Ellis Island
What continent did the second largest number of immigrants come from during
this period?
asia
- Where in the United States were most immigrants from this continent processed when they first arrived?
San Francisco (Angel Island)
- Where did immigrants feel most comfortable living when they settled down in the United States?
Ethnic neiborhoods
- What do you call the process of immigrants adopting the customs, religion, and most importantly, the native language of America?
Assimilation
2. Americanization
- What is the United States referred to as because of its very diverse ethnic populations?
Melting Pot
- What movement was started by natural born citizens of the United States who opposed immigration to the United States?
Nativism
- What term means having a fear of foreigners?
Xenophobia
- For what two reasons did these people oppose immigration?
Jobs
They didn’t want American Culture to change
- What ethnic group was significantly subjected to this movement after the Civil War?
Asians
- What law did the federal government pass in 1882 to limit the numbers of this ethnic group living in the United States?
The Chinese Exclusion Act
- What two things did this law prohibit?
- Chinese Immigration to America
- Didn’t allow Asians to become U.S. citizens
- What type of office buildings did urban planners promote the building of in order to conserve space?
Skyscrapers
- What type of residential buildings were constructed in the cities to accommodate a growing class of poor citizens, most of whom were recently arrived immigrants?
Tenements
- What improvement in city transportation made horse-drawn cars become obsolete?
Railroads
- What is this period of rapid economic and population growth known as?
Gilded age
Gilded age
Gold on the outside cheap material on the inside
- What was the positive side of this period?
All the growth
- What is the application of Darwin’s theory of evolution to people and society called?
social darwinism
- What did Spencer essentially say about weak and unfit people?
That they are out of luck
- What philosophy did Social Darwinists support, which promoted self-reliance and independence?
Individualism
- Explain how Naturalism differed from Individualism.
Naturalism was saying some people failed in life simply because they were caught up in circumstances that they could not control.
- What was “The Gospel of Wealth”?
A book that was written by Andrew Carrnegie
