Jackson Lectures 7

Question 1

All the cards!!!!!!!

Answer 1

GAHHHHHHHHH

Question 2

The role and importance of GH changes with age. GH is considered to have beneficial effects on cells and tissues early in life that then

Answer 2

diminish or even become detrimental later in life.

Question 3

Anti-insulin effect of Gh

Answer 3

can block effects of insulin

Question 4

Gh Affects aging, increases

Answer 4

cell replication in tumor cells

Question 5

Decrease in GH over lifespan is adaptive because later in life it can be

Answer 5

detrimental

Question 6

Excess production of GH results in

Answer 6

acromegaly and gigantism. This is typically caused by a pituitary tumor.

Question 7

• Gigantism results from a

Answer 7

prepubertal onset of excess GH

Question 8

• Acromegaly results from a

Answer 8

postpubertal onset of excess GH bones thicken, tongue will thicken, increase in glucose and fatty acids; decrease in insulin sensitivity

Question 9

• Excess GH can produce a

Answer 9

diabetic-like condition and have oral consequences that include macroglossia, increased teeth spacing and tilting, enlarged salivary glands, and excess cementum.

Question 10

• GH deficiency is relatively common, and often treated prepubertally with

Answer 10

exogenous GH.

Question 11

• GH insensitivity or dwarfism is due to the absence of a

Answer 11

functional GH receptor. These individuals do not suffer from diabetes or cancer, but are often obese. The condition can be treated with exogenous IGF-1.

Question 12

GH insensitivity or dwarfism can be treated with

Answer 12

exogenous IGF-1.

Question 13

• Achondroplasia is reduced growth due to

Answer 13

constitutive activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor.

Question 14

FGF (fibroblast growth factor) normally inhibits or regulates

Answer 14

bone growth, and continued activation of its receptor results in abnormally impaired development of cartilage.

Question 15

• Considerations for dental patients with GH insufficiency –

Answer 15

o delayed tooth shedding and replacement; decreased salivary function leading to increased incidence of periodontal disease and caries.

Question 16

An adult taking GH will not get taller, but will

Answer 16

build muscle and bone beyond what is normal.

Question 17

GH abuse can produce symptoms that resemble

Answer 17

acromegaly. This will also stimulate insulin insensitivity, at higher risk for cardiovascular disease as well

Question 18

Diabetes results from a disruption in the normal function of

Answer 18

insulin.

Question 19

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced in the

Answer 19

pancreas that normally regulates glucose transport into cells, particularly muscle, fat, and liver.

Question 20

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that acts to store

Answer 20

nutrients.

Question 21

Loss of insulin function has consequences, and can be fatal when it leads to

Answer 21

ketoacidosis

Question 22

Insulin is released in response to an increase in

Answer 22

blood glucose or amino acids, and signals from the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 23

Insulin secretion is inhibited by the

Answer 23

sympathetic nervous system.

Question 24

• Upregulation of glucose transporters,

Answer 24

increased glucose into cell

•

Question 25

Not putting glucose into cells = leads to increase in

Answer 25

fluid in plasma and BP • This means that kidney tries to get rid of fluid • Glucose present in urine

Question 26

Ghrelin regulates

Answer 26

hunger, regulates growth hormone, more of a connection of digestive system and brain to regulate digestive function

Question 27

Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which

Answer 27

pancreatic beta cells are destroyed resulting in reduced production of insulin. Onset is usually early in life, and it can be managed with insulin supplementation, dietary control, and glucose monitoring. (5% of people w/diab). (glycemic index is how quickly a certain food causes a spike in blood glucose)

Question 28

Type II diabetes is a combination of

Answer 28

insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. The onset is usually later in life, and it can be managed with dietary and lifestyle controls. Treatment can also include insulin sensitizers and insulin supplements.

Question 29

Type II descriptors:

Answer 29

* Due to loss of insulin or loss of receptor * Or combo of the two * More and more supplementation, or increase in expression of insulin receptors * ~2 million new cases/year influenced by lifestyle

Question 30

Common symptoms of diabetes relate to increases in

Answer 30

``` circulating glucose elevated fasting glucose concentrations polyuria fatigue blurred vision ```

Question 31

Chronic hyperglycemia leads to several common complications of diabetes, primarily due to the

Answer 31

vascular effects related to increased plasma glucose - kidney failure - vascular disease - blindness - skin & mucosal infections - periodontal disease

Question 32

Dental patient considerations

Answer 32

vascular disease affects teeth dehydration can reduce salivary flow increased risk of periodontal disease with a diminished immune response and ability to repair tissue

Question 33

For Type I diabetics

Answer 33

be familiar with history snacks and/or insulin during prolonged procedures might be necessary

Question 34

For Type II diabetics

Answer 34

Emphasize importance of maintaining glycemic control to avoid a cycle of tooth pain → eating foods with high glycemic index (because they don’t hurt as bad)→ aggravation of diabetic condition → tooth pain due to complications involving oral health frequently have cardiovascular & renal disease complications as well Crunchy fruits and vegetables are not as appealing because mouth hurts