J + H - Lanyon

Question 1

(chapter 2 pg 8)

Answer 1

‘Hearty, healthy dapper red-faced gentlemen’.
* Shows how he has all the sophistication of a gentleman - highlights the high standards of the upper-class Victorian gentlemen.
* The repetitive use of 4 adjectives to describe Lanyon helps further build a utopian image around a Victorian gentleman.
* This would appeal to Victorian readers who would be used to the perfect ideology of the Victorian gentleman.

Question 2

(chapter 2 pg 9) - 1

Answer 2

“Jekyll became too fanciful for me”
* Hints that Dr Lanyon remains stanch in the reason, rationale, and integrity of traditional science – used by Stevenson to demonstrate the extremes that exist in the realm of scientific research.
* Stevenson uses Lanyon as a foil to Jekyll highlighting the absurdities in some of Jekyll’s experimentation.
* The fricatives employed in “fanciful” creates a harsh tone implying his rejection of Jekyll’s experimentation - foreshadows the consequences of such experimentation - Hyde becomes all-consuming, and Jekyll can no longer control him

Question 3

(chapter 2 pg 9) - 2

Answer 3

‘Unscientific balderdash’
* Lanyon dismisses Jekyll’s current work as “unscientific” directly insulting his work – reveals Dr Lanyon’s traditional view on science and his outspoken attitude to those unlike him.
* Use of noun ‘balderdash’ shows frustration in Jekyll rejecting his progressive scientific views as nonsense - demonstrates how much he values rationality and integrity.

Question 4

(chapter 6 pg 23) - 1

Answer 4

Stevenson highlights the permanent effects on Lanyon of seeing Hyde transform to Jekyll as ‘his flesh had fallen away’.
* This diminished visceral image is juxtaposed with Lanyon prior image of a ‘Hearty, healthy dapper red-faced gentlemen’ highlights devastation of his transformation.
* The use of the past perfect tense ‘had fallen’ highlights the permanent nature of this dramatic physical change implying that he is close to death.
* This image is made even more foreboding as in Victorian times, the pseudo-science of physiognomy implied that what you looked like denotes your moral worth – emphasizes that Lanyon’s ghostly appearance suggests that he is both mentally and physically corrupted by what he saw.

Question 5

(chapter 6 pg 23) - 2

Answer 5

“I have had a shock, and I shall never recover.”
* The use of the present perfect tense ‘have had’ and use of the negative ‘never’ emphasises the devastating permanent effects of seeing Hyde’s transformation and how it went against all of his scientific and religious beliefs.
* Despite the nature of his ‘shock’ he still does not disclose the nature of what the shock was which shows that their friendship and the gentleman’s bond is so tight that he will not dishonour Jekyll. Also implies that it is too traumatic for him to recount.
* During Victorian times having ‘a shock’ had strong connotations of death - Highlights that Lanyon can’t comprehend Hyde’s transformation into Jekyll which goes against all his scientific beliefs. This gives the reader the impression that he is doomed which is further shown as he subsequently dies a few weeks after.

Question 6

(chapter 9 pg 41)

Answer 6

“O God!… O God!”
* Lanyon immediately turning to religion upon seeing the transformation which exaggerates his shock as all scientific rationale has left him.
* The repetition of ‘O God!’ and the use of exclamation marks highlights Lanyon’s desperate situation – his immediate reference to God gives Victorian readers the impression that his soul is beyond help.

Question 7

(chapter 9 pg 37)

Answer 7

“I felt bound to do as he requested”.
This shows Dr Lanyon is a faithful friend to Jekyll, despite falling out over scientific differences.
Use of the adjective ‘bound’ reveals the strength of their gentlemanly bond and loyalty between them.
This is shown again when Lanyon has ‘had a shock…’.
Despite this he still does not disclose the nature of what the shock was
which shows that their friendship and the gentleman’s bond is so tight that he will not dishonour Jekyll.

Question 8

para structure 1

Answer 8

P1: Extract

P2: earlier physical description of L - physiognomy
* initial presentation of L - (chapter 2 pg 8) - ‘Hearty, healthy dapper red-faced gentlemen’.

P3: scientific conflict
* (chapter 2 pg 9) - “Jekyll became too fanciful for me”
* (chapter 2 pg 9) - ‘Unscientific balderdash’

P4: later physical description of L - physiognomy
* contrasted with later presentation of L - (chapter 6 pg 23) - ‘his flesh had fallen away’.

P5: gentlemanly bond between L and J - reputation:
* (chapter 6 pg 23) - “I have had a shock, and I shall never recover.” - doesn’t disclose nature of shock
* (chapter 9 pg 37) - “I felt bound to do as he requested”.

P6 – loss of all scientific rational – turns to religion
* (chapter 9 pg 41) - “O God!… O God!”