J&B Chapter 5 - Reading Buildings Flashcards
A load that is imposed through the centroid of another object
Axial load
A construction method in which continuous wood studs run from the foundation to the roof, and floors are placed on a shelf - called a ribbon board - that hangs on the interior surface of the studs.
Balloon Framing
A structural element that transfers loads perpendicularly to the imposed load
beam
Description for a material that will fracture or fail as it is deformed or stressed past its design limits
brittle
A beam supported at only one end, or a beam that extends well past a support in such a way that the unsupported overhang places the top of the beam in tension and the bottom in compression
cantilever beam
The area that is exposed to trauma, debris and/or thrust should a building or part of a building collapse. It is a more specific form of a no-entry zone.
collapse zone
A structural element that transmits a compressive force axially through its centre
column
A force that causes a material to be crushed or flattened axially through the material.
compression
A structural element used to attach other structural elements to one another
connection
A beam that is supported in three or more places
continuous beam
A non-load-bearing wall that supports only itself and is used to just keep weather out.
curtain wall
The weight of the building itself and anything permanently attached to it
dead load
Description for a material that will bend, deflect or stretch as a force is resisted, yet retain some strength
ductile
A load that is imposed off-center to another object
eccentric load
A strict order for all crews to immediate escape from a building interior or roof, leaving hose lines and tools that can impede rapid retreat behind.
emergency abandonment
A host of products that consist of many pieces of native wood (chips, veneers, and sawdust) glued together to make a sheet, a long beam or a strong column.
engineered wood
Temporary shoring, bracing or formwork used to support incomplete structural elements during building construction
False work
The complete failure of a building to resist gravity
general collapse
A beam that carries other beams
girder
A building that is a mix of multiple NFPA 220 types or that does not fit into any of the five types
hybrid building
A beam that spans an opening in a load-bearing masonry wall, such as over a garage door opening (often called a “header” in street slang.
lintel
Any force or weight, other than the building itself, that a building must carry or absorb
live load
An event in which the building can accept the failure of a single component and still retain some strength (such as a curtain wall collapse).
partial collapse
A construction method in which a single-story wall is build and the next floor is built on the tops of the wall studs, creating vertical fire-stopping to help minimize fire spread.
Platform framing
A directive for crews to exit a building interior or roof in an orderly manner, bringing hoses and tools along.
precautionary withdrawal
A diagonal brace that serves primarily as a column but must absorb some beam forces as well.
raker
A force that causes a material to be torn in opposite directions perpendicular or diagonal to the material.
shear
The crumbling and loss of concrete material when exposed to heat
spalling
A seemingly decorative star or other metal plate used to distribute force over more bricks or blocks as part of an unseen corrective measure that exists inside a building
spreader
The primary load-bearing column beam or connection used to erect a building
structural element
A force that causes a material to be stretched or pulled apart in line with the material
tension
A load that is imposed in a manner that causes another object to twist
torsional load
A series of triangles used to form an open-web structural element to act as a beam (in many ways, a “fake” beam because it uses geometric shapes, lightweight materials, and assembly components to transfer loads just like a beam).
truss
A decorative wall finish that supports only its own weight
veneer wall
