J Flashcards
What is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease?
Infection by Helicobacter pylori and the use of NSAIDs
These are the primary factors involved in the genesis of peptic ulcers.
What are the common clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease?
Burning epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss
Symptoms can be nonspecific and may vary between gastric and duodenal ulcers.
How does the pain differ between gastric and duodenal ulcers?
Duodenal ulcers often cause hunger or nocturnal pain; gastric ulcers are associated with postprandial pain
Gastric ulcer pain occurs after eating, while duodenal ulcer pain can improve with food.
What complications can arise from peptic ulcers?
Hemorrhage, perforation, and pyloric obstruction
These complications can be severe and require immediate medical attention.
What is hematemesis?
Vomiting of blood
It can occur as a result of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer.
What is melena?
Black, tarry stools indicating upper gastrointestinal bleeding
This can be a sign of chronic blood loss from a peptic ulcer.
What is the significance of the ‘signo de Jobert’?
Disappearance of hepatic dullness indicating peritonitis
It is a clinical sign associated with perforated ulcers.
What symptoms indicate pyloric obstruction due to ulcers?
Early satiety, abdominal distension, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss
These symptoms result from the obstruction caused by ulcer scarring.
True or False: The symptoms of peptic ulcer disease have high predictive value.
False
Symptoms are often nonspecific and can vary widely among patients.
Fill in the blank: The most frequent clinical manifestation of peptic ulcer disease is _______.
burning epigastric pain
This pain is often exacerbated by fasting and relieved by eating.
What is the role of videoendoscopy in diagnosing peptic ulcers?
It allows direct visualization and biopsy of ulcers
This is essential for confirming Helicobacter pylori infection.
What factors can increase the risk of developing peptic ulcers?
Smoking, stress, and consumption of mate
These lifestyle factors contribute to the risk alongside H. pylori and NSAID use.
What is the typical age range for patients with peptic ulcers?
Older adults are commonly affected
However, symptoms in this group may be mild or absent.
What is ‘displasia’ in the context of peptic ulcers?
Abnormal growth of cells that may lead to gastric cancer
It is a potential consequence of chronic gastritis or ulcer disease.
What is the clinical presentation associated with perforated ulcers?
Diffuse and intense abdominal pain
This can lead to peritonitis and requires urgent surgical intervention.
