IX

Question 1

What is the role of religion in societies cross-culturally?

Answer 1

• unite and divide
• social solidarity
• explain/answer
• control/manipulate

Question 2

How does animism differ from Olympian (polytheism) and Ecclesiastic (monotheism) religions?

Answer 2

animism: SPIRITS
- concept of double souls
- death is soul departure

Question 3

How do religions treat dreaming, death and trance as compared to conscientiousness?

Answer 3

• one active soul daytime
• double soul active sleep & trance
• double soul departs = death

Question 4

Define magic.

Answer 4

supernatural techniques to control

Question 5

Define rituals.

Answer 5

formal, stylized, repetitive, stereotyped

Question 6

Define rites of passage.

Answer 6

transition from one stage of life to another

Question 7

Define liminality.

Answer 7

limbo period during rite of passage

Question 8

Define totems.

Answer 8

physical object, ancestor, symbol

Question 9

Define witchcraft.

Answer 9

• leveling mechanism

- divide and conquer socially

Question 10

Define shamans.

Answer 10

part-time religious figures

Question 11

Define cargo cults.

Answer 11

• aboriginal & christian blend of beliefs

- response to world capitalist society

Question 12

Define communitas.

Answer 12

social solidarity, equality, unity

Question 13

Define religious fervor.

Answer 13

intense emotions

Question 14

Define revitalization movements.

Answer 14

social movements in times of change

Question 15

Define effervescence.

Answer 15

collective emotional intensity of worship

Question 16

Define Nosso Senhor do Bomfim.

Answer 16

church w/ impressions of plastic body parts from people who have been healed

Question 17

Define sympathetic and contagious magic.

Answer 17

voodoo dolls vs. contact magic (hair)

Question 18

Define syncretism.

Answer 18

uniting different religions/cultures/ideologies

Question 19

Define indigenization.

Answer 19

modified to fit local culture

Question 20

Define glossolalia.

Answer 20

speaking in tongues

Question 21

How do religions maintain social control?

Answer 21

• manipulation of emotions
• politics
• holy wars/crusades
• witch hunts
• moral codes/ethics

Question 22

What patterns of religious affiliation exist in the world today and how/why are they changing?

Answer 22

-islam expanding globally changing locally