IVT and Bloods Flashcards
What is cefazolin?
Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic
How does Cefazolin work?
Cefazolin works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall. This leads to a weak cell wall that bursts, resulting in cellular death
What are some adverse effects of Cefazolin?
Nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramping, rash, fever, dizziness, hypoprothrombinaemia
Is Cefazolin a broad or narrow spectrum antibiotic?
Broad
How does a VIP score of 2 present? And what action needs to be taken?
Two of the following; pain, erythema, oedema. Cannula needs to be re-sited.
How does a VIP score of 3 present? and what action needs to be taken?
All of the following are present; pain, erythema, induration. Cannula needs to be re-sited and treatment considered.
How does a VIP score of 4 present? and what action needs to be taken?
All are present and extensive; pain, erythema, induration and palpable venous cord. Cannula needs to be re-sited and treatment considered
How does a VIP score of 5 present? and what action needs to be taken?
All are present; pain, erythema, induration, palpable venous cord and pyrexia. Initiate treatment and re-site cannula.
What does VIP score stand for
Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score
General considerations for Cefazolin
Treatment should be continued for at least 2 days after symptoms are resolved. Incompatible with aminoglycoside antibiotics, lines need to be flushed before aminoglycoside can be given as precipitate can form.
What is fluid overload?
Fluid overload also known as hypervolemia occurs when too much fluid is administered intravenously. This places excessive demand on the the circulatory system.
Signs and Symptoms of fluid overload
Weight gain, peripheral and generalised oedema, crackling lung sounds, SOB, elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse.
What are the following symptoms a sign of; Weight gain, peripheral and generalised oedema, crackling lung sounds, SOB, elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse
Fluid overload
Risks associated with IVT
Phlebitis, Infection, air embolism, fluid overload and extravasation (fluid leaking from vessels into surrounding tissue)
What is required of the giving set when transfusing blood?
The giving set is required to have a filter between 170-200 microns, this is to filter out any potential clots that may have formed in the donor pack.
Why is it important to check the cannula patency prior to administering blood products
it allows time to have the cannula re-sited if it is not patent, as there is a narrow time frame to administer blood products once they have been removed from the fridge.
Signs of Mild allergic reaction
localised urticaria (welts), pruritis (itching), rash, wheeze
What are the following symptoms a sign of; localised urticaria (welts), pruritis (itching), rash, wheeze
Mild allergic reaction
Signs of Severe Allergic reaction
Flushing, Wheeze, Hypotension and anaphylaxis
what are the following symptoms a sign of; Flushing, wheeze, hypotension and anaphylaxis
Severe Allergic reaction
Signs of febrile non-haemolytic reaction
unexpected fever >1 degree, chills and rigors
what are the following symptoms a sign of; unexpected fever >1 degree, chills and rigors
febrile non-haemolytic reaction
Signs of Acute Haemolytic ABO incompatibility
rigors, fever, flank or IV pain, tachycardia, dyspnoea, hypotension, unexplained bleeding, oliguria (small amount of urine), haemoglobinuria (haemoglobin in urine)
what are the following symptoms a sign of; rigors, fever, flank or IV pain, tachycardia, dyspnoea, hypotension, unexplained bleeding, oliguria (small amount of urine), haemoglobinuria (haemoglobin in urine)
Acute haemolytic ABO Incompatibility
What are the signs of transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
dyspnoea, respiratory failure, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, chills and fever
what are the following symptoms a sign of; dyspnoea, respiratory failure, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, chills and fever
transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
