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Molecular Genetics exam 1 > IVAP exam 3 > Flashcards

IVAP exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of vertebrae

A

Amphicelous, opisthocoelous, procelous, acelous, and heterocelous

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2
Q

Describe amphicelous. examples

A

Concave at both ends, found in fish, a few salamanders and caecilians

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3
Q

describe opisthocoelous.

examples

A

convex in front and concave in back. Salamanders

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4
Q

Describe procelous. Give examples

A

concave in front and convex in back. Anurans and present day reptiles

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5
Q

Describe Acelous. Give examples

A

flat ended, mammals

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6
Q

Describe heterogenous. Examples

A

Saddle shaped centrum at both ends. Birds

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7
Q

How many individual vertebrae are there?

A

24 and fused sacrum and coccyx

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8
Q

Function of vertebral column

A

Provides vertical support for body, supports weight of head, maintains upright body position and houses spinal cord

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9
Q

Body of vertebrae

A

thick anterior weight bearing structure

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10
Q

vertebral arch

A

posterior to body

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11
Q

vertebral foramen

A

opening enclosed by body with vertebral arch

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12
Q

vertebral canal

A

formed by stacked vertebral foramina and contains spinal cord

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13
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae, passageways for spinal nerves extending into body

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14
Q

vertebral arch is composed to 2 __ and 2 __

A

pedicles and laminae

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15
Q

pedicles

A

originate from posterolateral margins of the body

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16
Q

laminae

A

extend posteromedially from posterior edge of pedicle

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17
Q

spinous process

A

projects posteriol from laminae junction

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18
Q

transverse process

A

lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch

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19
Q

Superior and inferior anterior processes

A

originate at junction between pedicles and laminae, has smooth surface (articular facet)

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20
Q

5 vertebrae

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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21
Q

cervical vertebrae form bones of the

A

neck

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22
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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23
Q

c1 articulates w

A

occipital condyle

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24
Q

c1 is __ and c2 is __

A

atlas, axis

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25
Q

c7 articulates with

A

first thoracic vertebrae

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26
Q

atlas function

A

supports the head and articulates with occipital condyle to allow nodding yes

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27
Q

Atlas lacks __ and __

A

body and spinous process

28
Q

There is a ____ on the anterior arch of the atlas

A

articular facet for dens

29
Q

the body of the axis is

A

fused

30
Q

what is the dens of the axis

A

acts as a pivot for lateral rotation between atlas and skull

31
Q

atlantoaxial joint between atlas and axis

A

permits shaking the head no

32
Q

shape of body of cervical vertebrae

A

kidney bean shaped

33
Q

cervical vertebrae only support the weight of the

A

head

34
Q

cervical vertebrae are distinguished by the __ on the transverse process

A

transverse foramina that houses vertebral artery and vein

35
Q

Thoracic vertebrae articulates with

A

one or two pairs of ribs

36
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

37
Q

thoracic vertebrae have a __ spinous process

A

long, thin

38
Q

Lumbar vertebrae form the __ region of the back

A

concave

39
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

40
Q

Describe the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

A

short and thick

41
Q

sacrum vertebrae are ___

A

fused

42
Q

number of fused sacral vertebrae

A

5

43
Q

sacrum laterally articulates with

A

2 hip bones

44
Q

coccyx is aka

A

tailbone

45
Q

number of vertebrae

A

4

46
Q

coccyx may fuse with

A

sacrum

47
Q

when does the coccyx start to untie

A

puberty

48
Q

how to treat herniated disc

A

wait and see, NSAIDS, or microdisectomy in which a portion of disc is removed

49
Q

Thoracic cage

A

bony framework of chest that protects organs and is the attachment site for many muscles

50
Q

thoracic cage consists of

A

thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, and sternum anteriorly

51
Q

sternum is aka

A

breastbones

52
Q

sternum is a

A

flat bone forming anterior midline of thoracic wall

53
Q

manubrium

A

widest and most superior portion of sternum

54
Q

manubrium is made of

A

2 clavier notches, suprasternal notch, and costal notches

55
Q

clavicar notches

A

articulate sternum with left and right clavicles

56
Q

what is the largest part of the sternum?

A

sternum body

57
Q

which ribs are attached to sternum body?

A

2-7

58
Q

where does the sternum body articulate w the manubrium?

A

sternal angle

59
Q

diploid process
Where?
when ossify?

A

at tip of sternum and doesn’t ossify until age 40

60
Q

how many ribs do we have?

A

12 pairs

61
Q

true ribs are

A

ribs 1-7

62
Q

how do true rubs connect to sternum?

A

costal cartilages

63
Q

false ribs are

A

ribs 8-12

64
Q

what do false ribs mean

A

costal cartilages not attached directly to sternum and are indirectly attached

65
Q

ribs 11-12 are

A

floating ribs

66
Q

why are 11-12 ribs floating?

A

they have no connection to sternum

Molecular Genetics exam 1 (6 decks)

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