IV Therapy Flashcards by Paulino, Aira Angeline

It is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein.

Intavenous Therapy

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An efficient and effective method of supplying fluid directly into the ___________

compartment and replacing fluid losses

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Supply fluid when patients are ______ (purpose)

unable to take in an adequate volume of fluids by mouth.

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Provide ____ and other electrolytes needed (purpose)

salts

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Provide ____ tamis (purpose)

Glucose

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Provide ___ and ___ (purpose)

water-soluble vitamins & medications

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Establish a ______ for rapidly needed medications (purpose)

lifeline

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To correct ____ (purpose)

dehydration

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For administration of ______ (purpose)

blood/b.component

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Provide nutrition while resting the _____ (purpose)

Gi tract

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Monitor ____ (purpose) acronym yan

Central Venous Pressure

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For ___ pt. (indication)

dehydrated

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For ____ pts (indication)

Burn

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For patient whose been ordered ____ as his/her diet

NPO

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Advantages

cant take oral meds
accurate dose
acts instantly

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Disadvantages

bleeding, infiltration, infection, allergic reaction
limit pt activities
costly

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2 Delivery method

peripheral Iv therapy
Central IV therapy

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Administration of IV through the vein (lower and upper extremities)

Peripheral IV therapy

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Administration of IV solution through central vein (subclavian and jugular vein)

Central IV Therapy

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Administration of IV solution through central vein (2 veins)

Subclavian and jugular vein

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Proportion of body fluids

Intracellular and extracellular

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percentage of Intracellular

70%

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Found inside the cell surrounded by a membrane

Intracellular

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This is a compartment with highest percentage of water in adults

Intracellular

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percentage of extracellular

30%

Found outside the cell

extracellular

3 types of extracellular

Interstitial Intravascular Transcellular

25%, found in between cells

Interstitial

5%, found inside the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Intravascular

1-2%, found inside body cavities like pleura, peritoneum, CSF

Transcellular

1-2%, found inside body cavities like ___,__,___

pleura, peritoneum, CSF

3 INTRAVENOUS SOLUTIONS

Crystalloids, Colloids, Blood products

Large protein molecules

Colloids

Can’t cross capillary membrane

Colloids

Draw fluid from interstitial and intracellular compartments into vascular compartment.

Colloids

Work well in reducing edema while expanding vascular compartment

Colloids

* Too costly * Difficult to store

Colloids

Never used as first solution

Albumin, steroids

Contain electrolytes

CRYSTALLOIDS

Move across capillary membranes

Crystalloids

A solutions’ salt balance compared to plasma

TONICITY

Around 300 mOsm/L

Tonicity

3 Tonicity

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic solution

Cells normal shape, no loss, or gain of water

Isotonic

cells lose water and shrink

hypertonic solution

cells swell rapidly as water rushes to the,

Hypotonic solution

has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution.

A hypotonic solution

In biology, a solution outside of a cell is called _____

hypotonic

_______ is a particular type of solution that has a greater concentration of solutes on the outside of a cell when compared with the inside of a cell.

A hypertonic solution

refers to the state when two solutions have equal concentration of solutes across a semipermeable membrane.

An isotonic solution

This state allows for the free movement of water without the dilution of solutes on either side and keeps cells functioning properly.

Isotonic solution

4 hypertonic solution

0.45% Nacl 0.33% Nacl 0.2% NaCl 2.5% Dextrose in water

Fo water replacement, without increase of osmotic pressure or serum sodium levels

0.45% NaCl

Used to treat cellular dehydration and establish renal function

0.33% Na Cl

Do not administer to pt at risk increase ICP or thirs space fluid shift

0.45% Nacl 0.33% Nacl

Never give hypotonic solutions to pt whi are at risk with ICP because it may exacerbate _____

cerebral edema

Do not use hypotonic solution to pts with liver disease, trauma, or burns due to

potential depletion of intravascular fluid volume

Do not administer in contraindicated conditions Risk for increased intracranial pressure (IICP).

hypotonic solution

Monitor for manifestations of fluid volume deficit

hypotonic soltn

3 Isotonic solution

0.9% NaCl Lactated Ringers D5W

Restores sodium chloride deficit an extracellular volume

0.9% NaCl

resembles normal composition blood serum and plasma

Lactated Ringers

Promotes rehydration and elimination

D5W

Monitor manifestations of continued hypovolemia

isotonic

(isotonic) Elevate the head of the bed at______

35 to 45 degrees

3 Hypertonic Solutions

5% dextrose in Normal Saline 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl 5% dextrose in LR

For fluid replacement of sodium, chloride, and calories

5% dextrose in Normal Saline

For daily maintenance of body fluid and nutrition

5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl

mimics electrolyte concentration of blood

5% dextrose in LR

for severe hyponatremia

3% Nacl

may benefit from an infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride

cerebral edema

replaces sodium, chloride, and some calories

5% dextrose in Normal Saline

________ no movement initially

Isotonic

_________ attracts water

Hypertonic

____________ gives up water

Hypotonic

2 IV accdg to purpose

NUTRIENT SOLUTION Electrolyte Solution

Contain some form of CHO (dextrose or glucose) and water

Nutrient solution

(nutrient solution) Useful in preventing ____________ but do not provide sufficient calories to provide wound healing, weight gain or normal growth in children

dehydration and ketosis

* Contain varying anions and cations

Electrolyte Solution

5 Veins of the hands

Digital dorsal veins Dorsal metacarpal veins Dorsal venous network Cephalic Basilic

5 VEINS OF FOREARMS

Cephalic Median cubital Accessory cephalic Basilic Median antebrachial

areas of flexion

antecubital fossa

Insertion site is edematous, cold to touch, blanched and painful

infiltration

Insertion site is edematous, warm to touch, red and painful.

Phlebitis

* Same as for phlebitis * Possible discharge at the site * Possible fever

Infection

* Decrease blood pressure * Tachycardia * Loss of consciousness * Cyanosis

Air embolism

o Position client on left side with head down

Air embolism

allergic reactions (3 minor reactions)

* Rashes, redness and itching

Allergic reactions (5 major reactions)

Coughing, dyspnea, swollen tongue, cyanosis and loss of consciousness

Dyspnea, cough, cyanosis, crackles in pulmonary edema. Other findings are ascites, weight gain and edema.

Circulatory Overload