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Ocular Anatomy Review > IV - Ocular Appendages: Ocular Adnexa > Flashcards

IV - Ocular Appendages: Ocular Adnexa Flashcards

1
Q

What supplies the vasculature of the eyebrows?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic artery

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2
Q

What veins drain the eyebrows?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins - drain anteriorly into the angular vein and into the facial vein

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3
Q

What supplies the temporal innervation of the eyebrows?

A

Lacrimal nerve

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4
Q

What supplies the central innervation of the eyebrows?

A

The supraorbital nerve

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5
Q

What supplies the medial innervation of the eyebrows?

A

Supratrochlear nerve

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6
Q

The lacrimal, supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves are all part of which nerve?

A

The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What is another name for the eyelids?

A

Palpebrae

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8
Q

The eyelids play an integral role in what?

A

The distribution of the tear film over the ocular surface

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9
Q

What divides the superior and inferior eyelid?

A

The superior palpebral sulcus and inferior palpebral sulcus (for upper and lower lid)

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10
Q

In palpebral sulcus divides the eyelid into what two parts?

A

Orbital

Tarsal

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11
Q

What forms the superior palpebral sulcus ?

A

The insertion of the fibers of the aponeurosis of the elevator palpebral superiors into the tarsal plate

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12
Q

The tarsal portion of the lid lies closest to what?

A

The ciliary margin

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13
Q

What is distinctive about eh tissue around the tarsal place?

A

Thin skin

Lacks fat

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14
Q

What forms the ill-defined inferior palpebral sulcus?

A

A few connections between the skin and the underlying orbicular oculi muscle

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15
Q

What is the area called where the superior and inferior palpebrum meet laterally and medially?

A

Lateral canthus

Medial canthus

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16
Q

What is the palpebral issue?

A

The space between the eyelids

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17
Q

The palpebral issue is the opening to what?

A

The conjunctival sac

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18
Q

In general, the ciliary margin of the superior palpebrum covers what?

A

The superior corneoscleral limbus

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19
Q

Where is the ciliary margin of the inferior eyelid seen?

A

About 1 mm below the inferior limbus

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20
Q

Which canthus lies directly on the globe?

A

Lateral canthus

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21
Q

How far from the globe is the medial canthus located?

A

About 6 mm

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22
Q

What makes up the lacus lacrimalis?

A

Plica smilunaris

Lacrimal caruncle

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23
Q

What is the vertical fold of skin that overlaps the medial angle called?

A

Epicanthus

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24
Q

What type of edge is found on the lateral 5/6ths of the eyelid?

A

Squared edge

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25
Q

The ciliary margin of the lacrimal portion of the lid has what type of edge?

A

Rounded edge

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26
Q

What is found about 5 mm from the medial canthus?

A

Papilla lacrimalis

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27
Q

What is found at the top of the papilla lacrimalis?

A

Punctum lacrimalis

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28
Q

Where does the lacrimal punctum drain?

A

Into the lacrimal canaliculi

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29
Q

About how many eyelashes are found in the upper lid?

A

150

30
Q

About how many lashes are found in the lower lid?

A

75

31
Q

How often are lashes replaced?

A

100-150 days

32
Q

In how many rows are eyelashes on the superior lid arranged?

A

2-3

33
Q

What is distichiasis?

A

An accessory row of lashes arising from meibomian glands

34
Q

What is trichiasis?

A

A misdirected lash

35
Q

Where are the orifices of the meibomian glands found?

A

Just posterior to the cilia

36
Q

What to the meibomian glands secrete?

A

The oily layer of the tear film

37
Q

What marks the mucocutaneous junction?

A

The posterior edge of the orifices of the meibomian glands

38
Q

Where is the gray line seen?

A

Between the lashes and the orifices of the meibomian glands

39
Q

What does the gray line represent?

A

The division between the anterior and posterior portion of the eyelid

40
Q

What nerve provides the sensory innervation for the lateral superior lid?

A

Lacrimal

41
Q

What nerve provides the sensory innervation for the middle of the superior lid?

A

Supraorbital

42
Q

What nerve provides the sensory innervation for the medial superior lid?

A

Supratrochlear

43
Q

The three branches that supply innervation to the superior lid stem from which nerve?

A

Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

44
Q

What provides the sensory innervation for the lateral inferior lid?

A

Infraorbital

45
Q

What provides the sensory innervation for the medial inferior lid?

A

Infratrochlear

46
Q

Which larger nerve branch does the infraorbital nerve belong to?

A

Maxillary division of the trigeminal

47
Q

Which larger nerve branch does the infratrochlear nerve belong to?

A

Nasociliary nerve - part of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal

48
Q

What are the two main arteries that supply the eyelids?

A

Lacrimal

Ophthalmic

49
Q

The lacrimal artery branches into which arteries?

A

Superior and inferior lateral palpebral artery

50
Q

The ophthalmic artery gives rise to which arteries?

A

Superior and inferior medial palpebral arteries

51
Q

What veins form the drainage of the medial portion of the eyelids?

A

Angular and ophthalmic veins

52
Q

What vein drains the lateral portion of the eyelids?

A

Superficial temporal vein

53
Q

What are the four portions of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Orbital
Palpebral
Lacrimal
Ciliary

54
Q

The orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi encircle what other portion of the muscle?

A

Palpebral portion

55
Q

What is another name for the ciliary portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Muscle of Riolan

56
Q

What is the function of the ciliary portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

To keep the ciliary margin of the eyelid opposed to the globe

57
Q

What is the action of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Pursestring - drawing the lids toward the medial cants and closing the fissure

58
Q

What is the antagonist to the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Frontalis

59
Q

What is the function of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Depresses upper lid

Slightly raises lower lid

60
Q

What is the antagonist to the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

61
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Pulls eyelids medially

Pulls on lacrimal fascia to dilate the the lacrimal sac

62
Q

What provides the innervation to the orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII - Facial nerve

63
Q

The elevator palpebrae superioris muscle sheath blends with with other muscle?

A

Superior rectus

64
Q

As the fibers of the levator enter the upper lid, the aponeurosis penetrates what?

A

Orbital septum

65
Q

As a few of the fibers of the levator aponeurosis pass between the fibers of the orbicularis oculi and insert into the skin, they create what structure?

A

Superior palpebral sulcus

66
Q

What provides the innervation of the levator?

A

CN III - oculomotor

67
Q

What is another name for the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Muscle of Muller

68
Q

What is the function of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Helps keep the lid up once the levator las lifted it

69
Q

What is the neural innervation of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus arising from the superior cervical ganglion

70
Q

What are the glands of Zeiss?

A

Modified sebaceous glands - keep the cilia lubricated

71
Q

What are the glands of Moll?

A

Modified sweat glands - secrete into hair follicle or ciliary margin of the lid

Ocular Anatomy Review (5 decks)

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