IV - Basics of the Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is the central nervous system made up of?

Answer 1

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 2

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Spinal and cranial nerves

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system is composed of what other nervous system?

Answer 3

Autonomic

Question 4

What are the three subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric

Question 5

Generally, what does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 5

Fight or flight

Question 6

Generally, what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 6

Rest and digest

Question 7

What are the three principles of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 7

1. Two neurons between the CNS and the effector organ
2. Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
3. Is either excitatory or inhibitory

Question 8

How is the two neuron chain of the autonomic nervous system set up?

Answer 8

Preganglionic neuron in the CNS
Synapse in a ganglion
Continues as a postganglionic neuron

Question 9

Where does the sympathetic division originate?

Answer 9

The cell body of the preganglionic neuron is in the intermediolateral gray column of T1-L3

Question 10

Where Tod most of the sympathetic ganglia lie?

Answer 10

Close to the spinal cord, forming the sympathetic trunk, or sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 11

Where to sympathetic pre ganglion fibers exit the spinal cord?

Answer 11

At the levels that their cell bodies are located (T1-L3)

Question 12

Where do the sympathetic preganglionic fibers exit?

Answer 12

A ventral root

Question 13

Why are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers so short in comparison to the postganglionic fibers?

Answer 13

They lie close to the spinal cord

Question 14

What is another name for the sympathetic division?

Answer 14

Thoracolumbar

Question 15

What is another name for the parasympathetic division?

Answer 15

Craniosacral divison

Question 16

Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic cells located?

Answer 16

In several brainstem nuclei, and S2-S4

Question 17

In the parasympathetic nervous system, are the preganglionic neurons long or short?

Answer 17

Long

Question 18

Where to preganglionic parasympathetic axons exit the brainstem?

Answer 18

Via cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus

Question 19

Where to the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the oculomotor nerve synapse with the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Answer 19

In the ciliary ganglion

located between the lateral border of the optic nerve and lateral rectus

Question 20

What neurotransmitters are released from the pre and postganglionic axons in the parasympathetic pathway?

Answer 20

ACh

ACh

Question 21

What neurotransmitter are released from the pre and postganglionic axons in the sympathetic pathway?

Answer 21

ACh

Norepinephrine

Question 22

Fiber that release acetylcholine are referred to as ___.

Answer 22

Cholinergic

Question 23

Fibers that release norepinpherine are referred to as ___.

Answer 23

Adrenergic

Question 24

What is an agonist drug?

Answer 24

On that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 25

Where does a direct agonist drug work?

Answer 25

At the receptor site of the effector

Question 26

How does an indirect agonist drug work?

Answer 26

By exciting the nerve fiber to release more neurotransmitter

Question 27

What is an antagonist drug?

Answer 27

One that blocks the receptor site at the effector, or inhibits neurotransmitter release

Question 28

What are the first hairs of the body to develop embryologically?

Answer 28

Eyebrow hairs

Question 29

What muscles of facial expression are involved in moving the eyebrows?

Answer 29

Frontalis
Procerus
Orbicularis oculi (orbital portion)
Corrugator supercilli

Question 30

Which cranial nerve controls the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 30

CN VII - Facial nerve