IV Infusions Flashcards
Isotonic Fluid
N/S, Lactated ringer, 1/3 2/3
What is ringers lactate used for?
Fluid resuscitation
What is NS used for?
Expand volume, dilute medications, keep vein open
Hypotonic fluids
D5W (in body)
O.45% NS, 0.33% NS
Don’t give to infants/head injury pts
Hypertonic
D5 1/2 NS
What is D5 Ns used for?
Na and volume replacement
4 Movements of body fluids
Osmosis
Diffusion
Filtration
Carrier-mediated transport
What ways can fluid replacement be administered?
Enteral or parenteral
Isotonic definition
Same osmolality as body fluids
Volume replacement
Expand fluid volume without a shift
Hypotonic definition
Osmotic pressure lower than plasma
Fluid moves into cells
Hydrates without adding fluid into circulation
Hypertonic
Osmolality greater than body fluids
Pulls fluid out of cells
D5LR
D5 1/2 NS
D5NS
What is the rate of IV’s called?
Drop/drip factor
Factors influencing flow rate
Position of forearm
Tubing
Height of infusion container
Infiltration
Angiocath/vein size
Advantages to IV therapy
Fluid/electrolyte management
TPN administration
Preferred route for medications
Disadvantages to IV therapy
Infection
Hypervolemia
What is the most accurate means to evaluate fluid balance?
Daily weight
Same time each day, after voiding
Serum electrolyte test
Assess fluid balance
285-295 mmol/kg
Arterial Blood Gas
Sample of blood from artery tp assess acid-base status
No air entry!
Restriction of Fluids
Pts who retain fluids/fluid volume excess
Often difficult
Crystalloids
Dextrose, sodium chloride, lactated ringers
Contain solutes that mix, dissolve, cross membranes
Colloids
Contain protein/starch
Do not cross membranes
Remains in ECF for several days
When are PICCS or Central venous access devices used?
For long-term use
For medications that are irritating to veins
Presence of limited/poor peripheral access
What would happen if tubing were dislodged from control mechanism?
Fluid would stop
