Blood Transfusions and Blood products

Question 1

RhoGAM

Answer 1

Given intramuscularly at 28 weeks gestation and wihtin 72hr of birth, prevent mother from developing Rh+ antibodies that could affect future pregnancies

Question 2

Autologous Transfusion

Answer 2

Collection of client’s own blood

Up to 5 weeks before surgery

Question 3

What gauge catheter for blood products?

Answer 3

18-22 unless rapid (16-18)

Question 4

What is required in administration of blood products (within the supplies?)

Answer 4

Y-type tubing

Micron Filter

Question 5

When should administration be complete?

Answer 5

within 4hr of starting

Question 6

Signs of transfusion reactions?

Answer 6

Fever w or w/o chills

tachycardia, dyspnea

Hypotension

Hives/rash/pruritis

Pain

Question 7

Types of Transfusion Reactions

Answer 7

Acute hemolytic (5-30min)

Febrile Non-hemolytic (30min)

Allergic (anytime)

Anaphylactic (5-15 min)

Question 8

What is TPN?

Answer 8

Total parenteral nutrition

Nutrients directly to bloodstream

Prepped by pharmacy

Question 9

TPN = High risk for…

Answer 9

Infection, high glucose increases risk

Question 10

What type of fluids are TPN?

Answer 10

Hypertonic

10-15% dextrose in water w additives

Question 11

How often should you check bg with TPN?

Answer 11

q6h

Question 12

Complications of TPN

Answer 12

Pneumothorax

Catheter occlusion

infection

Hyper/hypoglycemia

Question 13

When are electronic infusion devices used?

Answer 13

Low hourly volumes (<20ml/hr)

High hourly volumes

Pts at risk of fluid overload

Question 14

Examples of blood products derived from plasma

Answer 14

Albumin, intravenous immune globulin, rh immune globulin etc

Question 15

What to do if suspecting a transfusion reaction

Answer 15

Immediately stopping the transfusion

removing tubing

replace line with normal saline

Question 16

what is hemolysis

Answer 16

Breakdown of RBC’s

Question 17

Blood must be started within..

Answer 17

30 min of accessing it from lab

Question 18

First step before administering blood products

Answer 18

Check baseline vitals

Question 19

acute intravascular hemolytic reaction

Answer 19

ABO-incompatible blood products

Antigens react

Chills, low bp, tachycardia, back pain

Question 20

Febrile nonhemolytic reaction

Answer 20

Antibodies against donor WBC

Most common

Sudden chills, fever, headache, flushing

Question 21

Mild Allergic

Answer 21

Antibodies against donor plasma proteins

flushing, itching, hives

Question 22

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 22

Antibodies to donor plasma

Anxiety, wheezing, cyanosis, hypotension