IV Fluis and Blood and Electrolytes

Question 1

What are crystalloids?

Answer 1

hyper/hypo/iso tonic solutions that contain fluid and electrolytes normally found in the body, no protiens

Question 2

What are crystalloids used for?

Answer 2

fluid resuscitation when hypovolemic, hemmorhage, dehydration or septic

Question 3

What does crystalloids used for maintenance as?

Answer 3

compensate for insensible fluid losses
replace fluids
manage electrolyte disturbances ( KCl and MG)
promote urinary flow

Question 4

What is colloids?

Answer 4

contain larger insoluble molecules such as protein

Question 5

What do colloids treat?

Answer 5

shock and burns

Question 6

Examples of colloids

Answer 6

albumin 5% and 25% (from human donors)

Question 7

What are packed RBCs used for ?

Answer 7

to anemic PT’s with low Hgb and Hct to increase oxygen carrying capacity

Question 8

What are the adverse effects of blood products?

Answer 8

incompatibility with immune system
crossmatch testing
anaphylaxis
transmutation of pathogens (HIV, HEP)

Question 9

When do transfusion reactions occur?

Answer 9

first 10-15 min or 50ml of blood

Question 10

Hyperkalemia treatment?

Answer 10

IV sodium bicarb and calcium gluconate
IV insulin
Kayexalate
hemodialysis (to remove excess potassium)

Question 11

what is KCL ?

Answer 11

treatment of hypokalemia

-tastes horrible
-GI upset
-IV burns when in peripheral IV
- never push IV because it can cause cardiac arrest

Question 12

Hyponatermia treatment?

Answer 12

SLOW CORRECTION
fluid restriction
0.9% NaCL (saline)
3% IV Nacl (hypertonic saline)
oral NaCL