IV fluids

Question 1

fluid compartments

Answer 1

ICF

ECF: ISF + plasma

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance dissolved into another liquid

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance that is able to dissolve a solute

Question 4

osmole

Answer 4

reflects the concentration of osmotically active particles in solution

Question 5

tonicity

Answer 5

effective osmolality

only particles restricted to one of the compartments will determine water distribution

Question 6

hypotonic solution

Answer 6

lower osmotic pressure than RBCs and therefore will cause cellular oedema

Question 7

hypertonic sollution

Answer 7

more concentrated than the RBCs and so fluid will flow out the cells and cause them to shrink and become dehydrated

Question 8

isotonic fluid

Answer 8

relatively equal amount of back and forth

Question 9

symtpoms of tonicity changes: hypotonicity

Answer 9

–> cell swelling

raised ICP
compromised CBF
herniation

Question 10

symtpoms of tonicity changes: hypertonicity

Answer 10

–> cellular dehydration

ischaemic venous sinous thrombosis

Question 11

crystalloids

Answer 11

aqueous mixtures that are soluble in water

used more: cheaper, less allergenic although slightly more prone to oedema and can have increased vascular pressure

Question 12

crystalloids ex.

Answer 12

5% dextrose
0.9% saline
hartmann’s solution
plasma-lyte

Question 13

colloids

Answer 13

insoluble, contain larger insoluble molecules

anaphylaxis, coagulopathy, renal failure, rheology

Question 14

key point of fluid chart

Answer 14

24hr chart
patient weight
guidance of chart