IV Fluids

Question 1

What is a crystalloid solution and give examples?

Answer 1

Solution of small molecules that can easily cross CM in water.

Examples are Sodium Chloride 0/9%, Glucose 5%/Dextrose and Hartmann’s solution

Question 2

What is a colloid solution and give examples? Name a reason why they are not used often.

Answer 2

Solution of larger organic molecules.

Examples are albumin and gelofusine.

Not used often due to high risk of anaphylaxis.

Question 3

What is an isotonic solution (isosmostic) and give examples?

Answer 3

Isotonic is when a solution has the same concentration inside and outside of the cell OR same concentration as blood.

Examples are Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Hartmann’s and Glucose 5%

Question 4

Name the two major ions in extracellular and intraceullar spaces

Answer 4

Extracellular = Sodium (Na+)
Intraceullar = Potassium (K+)

Question 5

What are cations and anions? Give examples

Answer 5

Cations: Ions with a positive charge. Na+, K+

Anions: Ions with a negative charge. Cl-, OH-

Question 6

What concentration of glucose is iso-osmotic with 0.9% saline?

Answer 6

5% Glucose

Question 7

Glucose 5% (isotonic) is used for what purposes:

Answer 7

• Used to deliver IV water (to hydrate patients)
• Distributed through intracellular/extracellular compartments
• Secondary use in drug reconstitution & delivery

Question 8

Glucose 5% is not enough to expands circulating fluid volume. True or false?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How much of the infused dose of 5% glucose remains in intravascular space?

Answer 9

7%.