Antibiotics Flashcards
A 56 year old man notices tinnitus and dizziness after discharge from hospital where he was treated for severe pneumonia with the variety of antibiotics shown below. Which antibiotic is most likely to have caused this adverse effect?
Gentamycin (aminoglycoside antibiotic)
Which antibiotic reduces bacterial cell growth by inhibiting protein synthesis?
- Gentamycin
A 29 year old man who has been advised to take antibiotics asks his doctor if he can drink alcohol while on treatment. Consuming alcohol must be avoided when taking which of the following antibiotics?
Metronidazole (inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) (AE = flushing, hypotension, vomiting)
Which antibiotic reduces bacterial cell growth by inhibiting DNA?
Metronidazole
A 4 year old boy is found to have pneumonia. Which of the following antibiotics should not be given to a child of his age?
Doxycycline (tetracycline antibiotic):
- Binds to 30s segment of ribosome
- Chelate calcium (reduce growth, weaken bone), teeth discolouration
- Avoid in pregnancy & children <5
A 22-year old woman complains of dysuria. her GP diagosis is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Her only medication is the combined oral contraceptive and she has not missed any doses. She has no allergies. Which of the following antibiotics would be the most appropriate to treat her urinary tract infection?
Trimethoprim (used in first trimester of pregnancy)
Which of the following antibiotics inhibits the crosslinking of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall?
- Amoxicillin
(penicillin based antibiotic containing B-lactam antibiotic)
(broad spectrum penicillin that inhibits cell wall synthesis)
A 72 year old woman is advised to take doxycycline and prednisolone for exacerbation of her COPD. Her usual medication list is aspirin, furosemide, ferrous sulphate, lansoprazole and ramipril. Which agent should be delayed for at least two hours following oral doxycycline?
- Ferrous sulphate
An 83 year old woman is admitted to the acute medical unit with a diagnosis of mild community acquired pneumonia. her mobility is poor but she has no active co-morbidities, does not usually take any medications and has no allergies. Which antibiotic would you choose to treat mild community acquired pneumonia?
- Doxycycline
A 44 year old man needs antibiotic treatment for an infection caused by a penicillinase-producing strain of Staphylococcus Aureus. To which antibiotic is this patient likely to be most resistant?
- Benzylpenicillin
A 26 year old carpenter presents to his GP with a 3-day old cut on his arm from work. On examination, there is a superficial, stamp-sized infected wound on his arm. There is some ooze and yellow crusting and localised erythema. He is otherwise unwell. he had a tetanus booster 3 months ago. Select the most appropriate antibiotic therapy for his condition.
Flucloxacillin
(Skin infections = produced by Penicillase resistant Staphylococci) = hence treat with Flucloxacillin (a penicillase B-lactam antibiotic)
Drugs in Fluoroquinolone class include:
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones inhibit IV & DNA gyrase
Which is the only commonly used antibiotic which inhibits the growth of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (Gram -)?
Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone; inhibits IV and DNA gyrase)
Only antibiotic effective vs. gram negative bacteria
A 72 year old woman is admitted to hospital with severe cellulitis of her left leg. She has no allergies. Which antibiotic combination would be most effective at treating her cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin + Amoxicillin
A 47 year old woman is being treated with gentamicin once daily for pyleonephritis. She received her first dose 21 hours ago, her next dose is due in 3 hours and the nurse has called you to ask if any tests need to be performed before it is given. Which of the following tests should be performed after the first dose of gentamicin?
Serum Gentamycin levels (causes nephrotoxicity)
