ItLR-NLR-Mannerism

Question 1

virgin of the rocks, da vinci

Answer 1

oil on canvas/ religious/ mary on ground(not throne), bby christ and st john the baptist/ no halos (first time halos not used)

Question 2

mona lisa

Answer 2

• oil on wood
• few completed paintings
• maybe entertained by jesters while sitting
• eyes always look at viewer
• sfumato style (smoky)

Question 3

david, michelangelo

Answer 3

marble/ strong, classical, athletic figure, commissioned by florence cathedral committee who gave him the stone/ political symbolism: defiant florentine republic (near west door of government house)/ possibly before the fight w goliath

Question 4

school of athens, raphael

Answer 4

fresco/comm. by pope julius II/ images of theology, law, poetry, philosophy/ symmetrical 1 point persp./ classical influence architecture/ contrapposto figures/ elliptical arrangment of figures

Question 5

venus of urbino, titian

Answer 5

eatablished a type of reclining nude/ luxurious setting/ red and white repeated in foreground and background/ composition diagonals made by pillows and skirt

Question 6

intonaco

Answer 6

final thin layer of plaster on which a fresco is painted

Question 7

allegory

Answer 7

story/poem that has hidden political/moral meaning

Question 8

self-portrait, albrecht dürer

Answer 8

• oil/parchment on canvas
• rly interested in working from life
• influenced by religious paintings, makes self portraits look christ-like

Question 9

isenheim altarpiece, grünewald

Answer 9

image for hospital/ crucifixion/ emphasis: suffering/ catholic imagery: lamb dripping blood into goblet/ lamentation at bottom/ st sebastian (l) and st anthony (r)

Question 10

the ambassadors, hans holbein

Answer 10

• double portrait/ still life/ memento mori: painting might represent 3 levels: heavens, living world, and death

Question 11

return of the hunters, pieter brueghel the elder

Answer 11

oil on panel/ december scene/ interested in relationship between landscape and ppl/ no classical elements/ accurate representation of space/ obsession with proverbs

Question 12

humors

Answer 12

hippocrates developed “humors” into a medical theory where he beljeved certain moods, emotions, and behaviors were caused by lack/excess of body fluids (humors): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm

Question 13

reformation

Answer 13

16th cent. movement for the reform of abuses in the roman catholic church ending in the establisment of the reformed and protestant churches

Question 14

anamorphic image

Answer 14

image that only appears normal when viewed at a certain angle or through a transforming optical device like a mirror

Question 15

aerial perspective

Answer 15

representing more distant objects as fainter and more blue

Question 16

genre art

Answer 16

pictorial rep. in any of various media of scenes or events frm everyday life

Question 17

vanitas

Answer 17

dutch genre painting containing symbols of death/change to express inevitability

Question 18

the entombment, pontormo

Answer 18

oil on wood/ clumped together/ vibrant colors/ mary on left angel on right/ annunciation/ intentionally out of proportion

Question 19

maniera

Answer 19

style/manner

Question 20

counter-reformation

Answer 20

catholic-revival/ period of catholic resurgence initiated in response to the protestant reformation

Question 21

david, bernini

Answer 21

• shows traditional transformation of sculpture
• captures when he throws the stone
• twisting body, he gives us a physical/emotional/psychological david
• carved his own face into david

Question 22

st. teresa in ecstasy, bernini

Answer 22

• marble
• real light used in sculpture
• unimaginable agony and bliss/sensual imagery
• motion shown in clothing/drapery
• indulging for viewers bc of colors/lights

Question 23

the calling of st. matthew, caravaggio

Answer 23

oil on canvas/ right side, st matthew, rises in order to follow “Our Lord”/ jewish tax collector > convert/ tenebrism used to create dramatic illumination

Question 24

judith and maidservant, gentileschi

Answer 24

• tenebrism: inner drama and tension
• figures caught mid movement w theatrical gestures
• face of judith is self-portrait
• focuses on aftermath of major act
• artemesia outlives rape, gains dominance over men and finishes him off

Question 25

quadratura

Answer 25

illusionistic ceiling painting

Question 26

di sotto in su

Answer 26

seen from below

Question 27

the raising of the cross , peter paul rubens (N baroque)

Answer 27

• designed to b viewed from below
• first painting to show living christ on cross
• triptych, left w woman echoing diagonal christ figure, right has counter-diagonal
• figure responding to him is Longinus in contemporary(relatable) armor