gothic- northern- early italian Flashcards
Duccio, Maesta (Virgin and Child Enthroned in Majesty)
- altarpiece
- Siena, Italy
- tempura on wood panel
- duccio innovative for his time w/ constraints & expectations of gothic art practices
Giotto, Madonna Enthroned
- tempura on wood
- similar to byzantine style (thin features/ gold bg/ symmetry/ halos) but different bc of deeper space/ 3D drapery
- unified gazes at mary
- blue gown associated with royalty, peace and nature
the lamentation, giotto
- fresco from the Arena Chapel
- innovative as asymmetrical/ chaotic/ therefore emotive and reflective of Christ’s death
the annunciation, simone martini
- tempura and gold on wood
- flowing lines, weightless figures, elegant shapes, color = surface splendor
- no space
- symbolism: olive branch, lily on vase, holy spirit
birth of the virgin, pietro lorenzetti
- tempura on panel
- based on observation of everyday world
- interior based on italian home of that time (spacious stage-like effect)
- trompe l’oieil effect (wood frame cut across image)
- st. anne and joachim (mary’s parents)
limbourg brothers, tres riches heures de duc de berry
- illuminated manuscript
- book or hours (prayers to say at certain times of the day)
- 3 painters
altarpiece
painting on wood, above/behind an altar
gold leaf
hammered gold usually used for gilding
merode altarpiece, robert campin
oil on wood/ small private chapel, bc many worshipped at home/ integrated biblical scenes in everyday life (made stronger bond w worshippers)/ left are patrons/ flemish interior n architecture/ symbolism: lilies, mouse trap, closed garden, flowers
jan van eyck, arnolfini double portrait
oil on panel/ flemish bedroom w symbolic meaning: finial above bedpost= st margaret, patron st. of childbirth, candle and mirror= all seeing God, small medallions around mirror= salvation, man near window= outside world, woman near bed= inside
roguer van der weyden, deposition altarpiece
- oil on wood
- dynamic compositions, stressed human action/ drama
- emotionally stirring
garden of earthly delights, hieronymus bosch
- central panel: depiction of sin of man
- right panel: depiction of hell
- larger themes: negative view of human nature, protestant reformation (criticism of catholicism)
iconography
visual images and symbols in a work of art
oil paint
paste made of ground pigment and oil (linseed)
triptych
work of art divided in 3 sections, usually panels that can be folded shut or displayed open
polytych
painting, altarpiece, w 2 or more than 3 leaves or panels joined by hinges or folds
dome (florence cathedral), filippo brunelleschi
- innovative dome design/ogival arch dome: more stable bc reduces outward thrust around base 24 rib system/ 2 thin skeletal walls (provides access inside for repairs) 8 biggest ribs: visible on outside
- dome matches gothic style/ not usual style
holy trinity, masaccio
fresco, trompe l’oeil/ virgin, st john the baptist, donors/ realism, mathematical organization of picture (vanishing point at base of cross: perfect 1-point perspective)/ symmetrical/ coffered barrel vault/ skeleton: “i was once as you are and what i am you will become”
david, donatello
bronze, 5’ high/ for palazzo medici courtyard/ medici commissioned/ david youthful, sensuous/ depicts after he slayed goliath/ symbol of independent florentine repub/ contrapposto (greek proportions)
birth of venus, bottecelli
tempura on canvas/ poetic linear style, decorated fabrics, elegance/ classical mythology images/ elegant style (not accurate perspective/ anatomy= no direct observation)/ 1st female nude since antiquity
giovanni bellini, st francis in the desert
- oil and tempura on panel
- showed mankind and nature together
duomo
italian cathedral
medici family
de facto rulers of florence during much of the italian renaissance
- banking family > political dynasty > royal house
- wealth from textile trade
- prosperous bank
classicism
ancient greek/roman principles and style in art and lit.
