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Module 4, Lesson 3 > ITEC 320 Test #2 > Flashcards

ITEC 320 Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Transistor

A

A solid-state device made of semiconductor material such as silicon or germanium.

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2
Q

Types of transistors

A

NPN and PNP

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3
Q

Three elements of a transistor

A

Base, emitter, and collector

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4
Q

Base

A

Inner element of a transistor. The base controls transistor action.

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5
Q

What material is the base made out of in a NPN transistor

A

P material

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6
Q

What material is the base made out of in a PNP transistor

A

N material

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7
Q

Emitter

A

On of the outer elements of the transistor

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8
Q

What material is the emitter made out of in a NPN transistor

A

N material

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9
Q

What material is the emitter made out of in a PNP transistor

A

P material

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10
Q

Collector

A

One of the other outer elements of a transistor

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11
Q

What material is the collector made out of in a NPN transistor

A

N material

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12
Q

What material is the collector made out of in a PNP transistor

A

P material

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13
Q

NPN transistor

A

A bipolar transistor in which outer elements (emitter and collector) are made of N-type of semiconductor material and the inner element (base) is made out of P-type material

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14
Q

PNP transistor

A

A bipolar transistor in which the outer elements (emitter and collector) are made out of P-type semiconductor material and the inner element (base) is made out of N-type material

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15
Q

P-type material

A

Semiconductor material that is doped with very small amounts of acceptor impurity materials that decrease active electrons.

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16
Q

What are the majority charge carriers in P-type materials

A

Holes

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17
Q

N-type material

A

Semiconductor material that is doped with very small amounts of donor impurity materials that add active electrons.

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18
Q

What are the majority charge carriers in N-type materials

A

Electrons

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19
Q

What are 2 basic transistor types

A

NPN and PNP

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20
Q

How many elements does a transistor have

A

3 (base , emitter, and collector)

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21
Q

In the transistor schematic symbol, the arrow is on what element

A

Emitter

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22
Q

What is the most common problem with transistors

A

Overheating

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23
Q

What can you use in place of a transistor tester to check transistors

A

Ohmmeter

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24
Q

When reverse biased, a diode will block, pass current

A

Block

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25
Q

When forward biased, a diode will block, pass current

A

Pass

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26
Q

When testing transistors, consider them to be

A

Back-to-back diodes

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27
Q

A diode that is forward biased will have high, low resistance

A

Low

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28
Q

A diode that is reverse biased will have high, infinity resistance

A

Infinity

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29
Q

To test transistors to determine if they are NPN or PNP, what must you know about the ohmmeter

A

The negative and positive leads

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30
Q

The positive probe is on what material when a diode is reverse biased

A

Cathode (-)

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31
Q

The negative probe is on what material when a diode is reversed biased

A

Anode (+)

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32
Q

A reverse-biased junction will show what resistance reading

A

0.2

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33
Q

When a component is being tested with an ohmmeter, it is usually in series, parrallel with the internal supply voltage

A

Series

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34
Q

In a transistor, a smaller what controls the larger currents

A

Base

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35
Q

A NPN transistor consists of

A

A layer or P-type material between two layers of N-type material

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36
Q

A common transistor problem is

A

Shorted transistor

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37
Q

Transistors are

A

Reliable, but destructible

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38
Q

If both the forward and reverse emitter-base resistances are low, then the transistor is

A

Shortened

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39
Q

When testing transistors, you can consider them to be

A

Back-to-back diodes

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40
Q

When a diode is forward biased, it is indicating a

A

Low resistance

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41
Q

How can you indicate which leads of a transistor are P-type and which are N-type using an ohmmeter

A

Polarity

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42
Q

In what device does a small amount of current control a large amount of current

A

Transistor

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43
Q

What current determines the amount of collector current

A

Base current

44
Q

Does an increase in base current cause a decrease in collector current

A

No

45
Q

Does the resistance of a transistor increase or decrease with an increase of base current

A

Decreases

46
Q

Common base

A

A transistor circuit where the base is common (circuit ground) to the input and output signals. This circuit does not produce a phase shift

47
Q

Common emitter

A

A transistor circuit where the emitter is common (circuit ground) to the input and output signals. This circuit produces a 180 degree phase shift

48
Q

Common collector

A

A transistor circuit where the collector is common to the input and output signals. Collector is usually an AC ground. This circuit does not produce a phase shift

49
Q

Regardless of the circuit arrangement used, the transistor-emitter base junction must always be what bias

A

Forward

50
Q

In the common-collector circuit, the input signal is applied between……….and…………regions of the transistor

A

Base and emitter

51
Q

Does the common-collector circuit provide an output voltage greater than its input voltage

A

No losses 1/10 volt

52
Q

Does a common-emitter circuit use the same bias polarities in PNP and NPN circuits

A

No

53
Q

Is the input signal to a common-emitter circuit 180 degrees out of phase with the output signal

A

Yes

54
Q

Transistor power rating

A

The max power that a transistor can dissipate without damage to it.

55
Q

Transistor power rating equation

A

P = VCE x IC

56
Q

Can you operate transistors under a wide variety of operating voltages and currents

A

Yes, because it is all about how they are biased. They can’t exceed their current handling or voltage drop

57
Q

What is the max amount of power a transistor can dissipate called

A

Power rating

58
Q

What results when you exceed the max power specifications of a transistor

A

Damage to the transistor

59
Q

Base current (IB), is the amount that will pass from

A

Emitter to base

60
Q

The base-to-emitter current, in effect, controls the

A

Collector current

61
Q

For current control to take place

A

A transistor must be properly biased

62
Q

For forward biasing, The P-type base material in an NPN transistor must be what with respect to the N-type emitter material

A

Positive

63
Q

In use, the emitter-base voltage is usually taken from the

A

Collector supply

64
Q

When a circuit increases its AC input signal to a greater amplitude, it has

A

Gain

65
Q

In a common-base circuit

A

The base is common to both the input and output signals

66
Q

The common-collector circuit is often used as a

A

Impedance-matching device

67
Q

Energy a transistor receives when operating in a circuit is transferred as

A

Dissipated heat

68
Q

Voltage regulation

A

The process of maintaining the output voltage a power source constant with respect to changes of input voltage and loading.

69
Q

Voltage regulator

A

A circuit or device that minimizes the changes of output voltage of a power supply as the load on the supply varied

70
Q

Percentage of regulation

A

The percentage by which a power supply voltage changes when a load is applied compared with full-load voltage

71
Q

Shunt regulator

A

A variable device connected across the load terminals of a regulated power supply. Its resistance automatically varies the voltage across a series resistor. The resulting action maintains the load voltage at a constant level.

72
Q

Series voltage regulator

A

A voltage regulator that uses an automatically variable resistance in series with the load to control the output voltage

73
Q

Voltage regulator circuits are used to

A

Filter circuits and refine the filtering process

74
Q

Voltage regulator circuits provide voltage regulation for

A

Power supplies

75
Q

In a power source, each component adds up to

A

An internal resistance in series with the output current

76
Q

What diode is an effective shunt regulator

A

Zener

77
Q

Voltage output changes can occur because of a variation in

A

Line voltage input

78
Q

The smaller the percentage of regulation

A

The better the regulator

79
Q

In a shunt voltage regulator, the regulator acts as an

A

Resistance in parallel to the load

80
Q

In a series voltage regulator, the regulator acts as an

A

Resistance in series with the load

81
Q

One use of a series voltage regulator is as an

A

Ripple filter

82
Q

An increase in current will cause the series regulator to

A

Decrease in resistance

83
Q

Gain

A

The ratio of output signal amplitude of an amplifier to its input signal amplitude. Expressed in terms of voltage, current, or power. Can also be expressed in decibels.

84
Q

Characterisitc curve

A

A graph showing the relationship between changing values, voltage, and current

85
Q

Gain formula

A

Gain = output voltage / input voltage

86
Q

Amplifier

A

A group of electronic components connected in such a way as to increase the strength of an electrical signal applied to its input

87
Q

What does gain determine

A

The amount of amplification an amplifier can provide

88
Q

Amplifiers increase current and

A

Voltage

89
Q

Are amplifiers used to operate in different frequencies

A

Yes

90
Q

Cascaded amplifiers

A

Two or more amplifiers connected one after another. The output of the first amplifier supplies the signal to the input of the second amplifier

91
Q

How do you obtain large gains

A

Cascaded amplifiers

92
Q

How do you determine the total gain of amplifiers in cascade

A

Multiplying the product of their individual gains

93
Q

A set of characteristic curves show the relationship between

A

Base current and collector current

94
Q

Each individual curve represents

A

A different emitter bias current

95
Q

The vertical axis of the graph represents

A

Collector current

96
Q

The horizontal axis of the graph represents

A

Collector voltage

97
Q

For what can you use a set of characteristic curves

A

Find the operating range of the transistor

98
Q

What is the best source for a specification sheet of a particular device

A

Manufacturer

99
Q

What is the danger of exceeding maximum ratings

A

Overheating or damage

100
Q

When looking at a specification sheet, how do you determine which specifications are of the greater importance

A

Always on the first page and labeled maximum

101
Q

Can a transistor lead-out be found on a specification sheet

A

Yes

102
Q

An amplifier is a circuit that increases the amplitude of a

A

Alternating waveform

103
Q

To determine how much an amplifier can increase a signal, you determine

A

Gain

104
Q

Amplifiers may amplify either

A

Current or voltage

105
Q

Amplifiers that amplify both current and voltage are called

A

Power amps

106
Q

When you need large gains, you can connect

A

Cascaded amplifiers

107
Q

The total gain of two amplifiers connected in cascade is

A

The product of their individual gains

Module 4, Lesson 3 (18 decks)

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