ITC Flashcards by Jamir Oasis Andrade

are the components that provide information and instructions
onto the computer.

Input devices

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has alphabetic, numeric, and function keys for the entry
of information.

computer keyboard

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consists of a monitor, keyboard, and communication lines attached
to a computer system. It accepts customer inputs for processing.

terminal

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three classifications terminal

—smart, dumb, and intelligent terminal

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device accepts data when you push telephone buttons. It triggers
the telephone, which in turn sends signals to the computer.

touchtone

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handheld pointing device called _____ to move a pointer on the
screen.

mouse

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is a device for pointing with a base and a vertical handle that pivots
in all directions. You usually use this to play computer games.

joystick

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is a screen that allows users to interact with the system by
touching specific areas on the screen.

touch screen

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A wire connects
it to a light pen through which the user can sketch images.

graphics tablet or digitizing tablet

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is a mouse with an X, Y & Z-axis used for developing and moving
around 3D environments.

Space mouse

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translate images of text, photo, and other graphics into digital
form. The digitized image can then be manipulated or reproduced using a
computer.

Scanning devices

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It
converts texts, drawings, and photographs into electronic files stored in a
computer system.

image scanner or graphic scanner

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is a conventional
scanning device used in price tags. It reads the characters and
converts these characters into digital format

wand reader or an Optical Character Reader (OCR)

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(OCR)

Optical Character Reader

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is a device that read bar codes (zebra-like stripes) on most
products.

Barcode reader

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device can read the numbers
printed (using magnetic ink) at the bottom of checks. It can only read a limited
number of characters, and banks usually use it.

The Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

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(MICR)

The Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

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scan hardcopy and transmit
data to other fax machines using telephone lines.

Fax machines or facsimile transmission machines

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record music and other sound signals and transform them
into digital format.

Multimedia devices

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transform video or films into digital format. It converts signals
coming from videocassette recorders, laser disk, or camcorder into digital form
through a video card installed in the computer.

Video converters

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collects specific kinds of data from the environment and converts
these into computer-readable data.

sensor

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Its role is transform data inputted by the user which has been processed by the computer into human readable form.

output devices

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It displays images or shows
programming instructions and data using grids of dots called pixels.

Display screens or monitors

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two types of display screens.

cathode-ray tube (CRT) and flat-panel displays.

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CRT

cathode-ray tube

uses a vacuum tube like that in television

cathode-ray tube (CRT)

are much thinner, weigh less, and consume less power

flat panel displays

The flat-panel screen is categorized into three depending on the type of substance they are made of

Liquid-crystal display (LCD), electroluminescent (EL), and gas-plasma display.

(LCD)

Liquid-crystal display

(EL)

electroluminescent

is a circuit board in the computer where the resolution is determined, including the number of colors and how fast images refresh on the display screen.

graphics adapter card (video card)

A device that prints the characters and the symbols from the computer unto the paper is called a

printer

The commonly used types of printers are

dot-matrix (impact printer), inkjet, laser printers, and thermal printers (non-impact printers).

can imprint in black and white or in color. They have built-in microprocessors that convert the characters and instructions from the computer into a series of coordinates

Plotters

Plotters come in three designs

pen (could either be flatbed or drum), electrostatic and thermal

produce sound output from the computer

Speakers

is a newer version of a telephone with a TV-like screen and a built-in camera that allows you to see the person you are exchanging messages directly on the screen

A picture phone or smartphone

a built-in camera that allows you to see the person you are exchanging messages directly on the screen

(web-cam)

combination of printing, scanning, copying, and faxing into a single device

multifunction device

example of a multifunction device is

Okidata Doc-It

Okidata Doc-It combines four pieces of office equipment into one

photocopier, fax machine, scanner, and laser printer.

is a computer-generated simulated reality that indulges a person into a sensation of three-dimensional space. It can recreate physical places and phenomena real to people. Nowadays, augmented reality is now a thing. Ituses the body's senses of sight, sound, motion, and touch to simulate real objects or places.

Virtual reality (VR)

(VR)

Virtual reality

are automatic devices that perform functions ordinarily ascribed to human beings or that operate with what appears to be almost human intelligence.

Robots

Robots are of several kinds –

industrial robots, perception systems, and mobile robots.

is a computer science field that attempts to develop a machine that can work like humans or perform activities that humans usually do. It is a subset of AI. It tries to simulate human activity from talking, speaking, and even thinking.

Robotics

is where the instructions and data are stored while processing. The data stored are usually given unique addresses or memory locations to facilitate storage and retrieval. The CPU typically accesses the data through its address.

The main memory (also called primary storage)

The two types of storage inside the main memory are

RAM and ROM

RAM

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the part of the memory the computer uses to store volatile data. These are the given instructions that can be changed or erased later. When data are loaded or put in the RAM, it means writing data.

ROM

Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores the given instructions for the routine operations of a computer. This part is non-volatile; it still holds the instructions even when there is a power interruption or shut-off. From the name, we can only read the information or instructions stored.

is the part of the memory the computer uses to store volatile data. These are the given instructions that can be changed or erased later.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

When data are loaded or put in the RAM, it means

writing data

When anything access data from the RAM, it means

reading data

stores the given instructions for the routine operations of a computer. This part is non-volatile; it still holds the instructions even when there is a power interruption or shut-off.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

are temporary storage locations. These are fast-accessed during computer processing. Bits and bits of information from the main memory and those stored back in the main memory are temporarily stored here while performing computations.

registers

performs all the arithmetic and logical calculations of the CPU. The arithmetic operations consist of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logical calculations involve comparisons of two or more numbers.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

(ALU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit

is the part of the processor that acts as a traffic controller for the flow of instructions in the main memory. The functions are controls input and output device, passes data to the ALU for computation, and, most importantly, fetches the instructions from the main memory for execution in the CPU.

Control Unit or CU

Control Unit

are bundles of tiny wires that serve as the communication path between components of the CPU.

Buses

The three most essential buses are

data, address, and control buses.

stores data permanently. It is outside the primary storage and server, just like a filing cabinet. It provides cheap, non-volatile high capacity storage

Secondary storage

Two classes of secondary storage

direct access media and sequential access storage devices (SASD)

(SASD)

sequential access storage devices

supports sequential or random access where data can be accessed directly

Direct Access Media (i.e., floppy disk)

It accesses data in a specific order.

Sequential Access Media (e.g., magnetic tape)

is a sequential access storage media that stores blocks of data along the length of its tape. Just like any sequential storage media, accessing data is serial. It is a traditional medium that is round, robust, high-capacity, and the cheapest storage medium. It is still famous for its long-term storage. High volume storage even though it is the slowest in terms of retrieval of data.

Magnetic tape

is a direct access storage media, which, like a phonograph record, is divided into tracks and sectors.

magnetic disk

Common types of magnetic disks

hard drives and floppy disks.

are stacks of permanently mounted rigid magnetic disks in a computer unit, be it internally or externally. We often use these as virtual memory or extension of RAM. Have a relatively high capacity and fast retrieval speed but very fragile.

Hard disks

is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory to store data persistently, typically using flash memory

solid-state drive (SSD)

(SSD)

solid-state drive

are already obsolete and are much slower than hard drives and have a minimum storage capacity only. It is ranging from 1.44 Mb to 200 Mb.

Floppy disks

Bigger storage capacity for floppy disks is called

zip disk

are rigid disks of plastic onto which data is recorded by specialized lasers that physically burn pits into the disc.

Optical disks

compact disc

Typical forms of optical disks are

CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, DVD-RW, and Magneto-Optical Disk.

is a non-erasable disk that stores computer data, usually in the standard system, with a 12-cm diameter with CR Recordable (CD Writer), can write data on the disk only once. Still, with CD-Rewritable, it can erase and rewrite data on the disk up to 1,00 times.

CD-ROM (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory)

CD-ROM

(Compact Disk - Read Only Memory)

a hybrid between the magnetic disk and optical disk, uses optical technology for reading and magnetic recording techniques assisted by optical focusing

Magneto-Optical Disk (MO)

(MO)

Magneto-Optical Disk

is a direct access storage media (a size of a chewing gum stick) that can hold data from 4Mb (older version) up to 32GB (latest release, future concept). It needs a port or a reader that could link the memory stick to the PC—a portable media.

Memory stick

ITC Flashcards

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