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Wines of Italy > Italy: Northern > Flashcards

Italy: Northern Flashcards

1
Q

When was the DOC system first introduced?

A

1963

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2
Q

What year was the first DOCG awarded, and to what appellations?

A

1980; Barolo, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montalcino

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3
Q

What does DOCG stand for?

A

Denominazione de Origine Controllata e Garantina

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4
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Piedmont?

A

Moscato

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5
Q

Order these grapes from earliest ripening to latest: Barbera, Dolcetto, Nebbiolo.

A

Dolcetto, Barbera, Nebbiolo.

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6
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Piedmont?

A

Barbera

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7
Q

Name 4 synonyms of Nebbiolo and where they’re from.

A

Spanna (Ghemme; Gattinara),
Chiavennasca (Valtellina),
Picotendro (Vallee d’Aosta),
Picoutener (Carema)

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8
Q

What climate and soils define Piedmont?

A

Continental Climate – hot summers, warm spring and fall, cold, snowy winters.

Soil – thinner, calcerous marl and sandstone soils with clay and sand.

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9
Q

What are the three main provinces for grape growing in Piedmont? Which does Barolo and Barbaresco fall under?

A

Alessandria, Cuneo, Asti. Cuneo is where Barolo and Barbaresco are.

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10
Q

What are the cepage requirements of Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Bianco are allowed, with a max. of 50% Pinot Bianco.

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11
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Roero DOCG reds and whites?

A

Min. 95% Nebbiolo/Min. 95% Arneis

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12
Q

What grape is commonly used to make rose in the Vallée d’Aosta?

A

Prematta

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13
Q

Where would you find Mont Blanc?

A

Vallée d’Aosta

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14
Q

What grape is grown in Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle?

A

Prié Blanc

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15
Q

What grape dominates the Arnad-Montjovet and Donnas subzones of ____________?

A

Picotendro (Nebbiolo); Vallée d’Aosta

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16
Q

What grape can be found in the Chambave, Enfer d’Arvier, and Torrette subzones of _____________?

A

Petite Rouge; Vallée d’Aosta

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17
Q

What are the seven sub appellations of Vallée d’Aosta?

A

Enfer d’Arvier, Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle, Torrette, Arnad-Montjovet, Donnas, Chambave, Nus

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18
Q

What river runs through Vallée d’Aosta?

A

Dora Baltea

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19
Q

What regions vineyard sites surround the Dora Baltea river?

A

Vallée d’Aosta

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20
Q

What is Italy’s smallest, least populous region?

A

Vallée d’Aosta

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21
Q

What kind of wines are made from the Alta Langa DOCG?

A

Metodo Classico spumante wines from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

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22
Q

What is the main difference between wines labeled Asti DOCG vs. Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

Asti must be spumante; Moscato d’Asti must be frizzante (max. 2 atmospheres)
Asti undergoes secondary fermentation via Charmat/Martinotti method (or in bottle, if labeled ‘metodo classico’)
Moscato d’Asti is not subject to secondary fermentatiion

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23
Q

What province is the Gavi DOCG located in?

A

Alessandria

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24
Q

What was the first DOCG for dry white wine in Piedmont?

A

Gavi di Gavi DOCG

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25
Q

Name the 3 DOCG wines produced from 100% Dolcetto.

A

Dogliani, Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore, Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba

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26
Q

Name 3 DOCGs in the Monferrato hills.

A

Barbera d’Asti, Barbera del Monferrato Superiore, Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato

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27
Q

Who makes Bric del Fiasc? From where?

A

Paolo Scavino; Castiglione Falletto’s Fiasco cru.

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28
Q

Who makes Cà d’Morissio? What is it?

A

Giuseppe Mascarello. “Super riserva” Monprivato.

All michét clone of Nebbiolo. First vintage 1993.

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29
Q

Name the DOCGs for Barbera. Where in Piedmont are they? What are the cepage requirements for each?

A

Barbera d’Asti & Barbera del Monferrato Superiore, in the Monferrato Hills. Min. 85% Barbera for both.

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30
Q

Where exactly is the Carema DOC?

A

In NW Piedmont, on the border of Vallée d’Aosta.

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31
Q

What two grapes are often blended with Nebbiolo in the:
Ghemme DOCG?
Gattinara DOCG?

A

Vespolina

Bonarda

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32
Q

What river lies between the Ghemme and Gattinara DOCGs?

A

Sesia River

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33
Q

What is the grape of the Lessona DOC? Where is it?

A

Nebbiolo; in northern Piedmont, near Ghemme & Gattinara

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34
Q

What two DOCGs straddle the Sesia River?

A

Ghemme & Gattinara

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35
Q

Name 5 crus of Treiso.

A

Pajoré, Bricco di Treiso, Rombone, Valeirano, Giacosa

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36
Q

Name 4 crus of Neive.

A

Serraboella, Gallina, Basarin, Albesani

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37
Q

Who makes Cuvee Annamaria Clementi? What is it?

A

Ca’ del Bosco. Franciacorta, rosé and brut versions. 7 years on the lees.

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38
Q

What are the aging requirements for NV Franciacorta, Vintage, and Vintage Riserva?

A

NV: 25 months (18 on lees)
V: 37 months (30 on lees)
Riserva: 67 mos. (60 on lees)

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39
Q

What can still wines made in the Franciacorta DOCG be released as?

A

Curtefranca DOC or Sebino IGT

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40
Q

What would it mean to find “Stagafassli” on a bottle of Valtellina Superiore?

A

It was bottled in the neighboring territory of Switzerland.

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41
Q

What are the cepage requirements of Franciacorta rose?

A

At least 25% Pinot Noir (produced by blending rather than saigneé).

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42
Q

What does it mean to see “Satén” on a bottle of Franciacorta?

A

All white grapes and no more than 5 atmospheres of pressure (max. 20 g/L RS PRIOR to tirage). Aged 31 months total, with at least 24 on the lees. Can only be made in a brut style (less than 12 g/L RS).

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43
Q

What are the 5 subzones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

Valgella, Inferno, Grumello, Sassella, Maroggia

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44
Q

What is the synonym for Nebbiolo in Valtellina?

A

Chiavennasca

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45
Q

What are the two DOCG zones of Valtellina?

A

Valtellina Superiore and Sforzato di Valtellina

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46
Q

Who makes Darmagi? What is the cepage? What does Darmagi mean?

A

Gaja
100% Cabernet Sauvignon
“What a shame”

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47
Q

Who makes Sperrs? Where from and what does it mean?

A

Gaja
Barolo from Serralunga
Piemontese for “Nostalgia”

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48
Q

What is the Piemontese synonym for Vermentino?

A

Favorita

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49
Q

Where is Moscato di Scanzo DOCG and what kind of what is made there?

A

Lombardy, west of Franciacorta; sweet, passito red wines from the moscato grape; 2 years age, no barrel required.

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50
Q

What are the lees aging requirements for NV/V Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico?

A

NV: 15 months, V: 24 months.

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51
Q

What are the cepage requirements of Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico/Rose DOCG? What are the secondary grapes?

A

Min. 70% Pinot Nero; Min. 85% Pinot Nero if labeled “Pinot Nero”. Secondary grapes are Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco, and Chardonnay

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52
Q

What river flows through Piedmont? What rivers flow through Langhe?

A

Po

Stura di Demonte & Tanaro

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53
Q

What two mountain ranges cradle Piedmont?

A

Alps & Apennines

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54
Q

What Italian region has the most DOCG zones and how many?

A

Piedmont; 16

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55
Q

What does the term “sori” refer to?

A

Prized southern exposures of the hills of Langhe and Monferrato

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56
Q

How many total communes are there in Barolo?
Which five are responsible for 90% of Barolo’s DOCG output?
Name two others.

A

11 total

La Morra, Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba, Monforte d’Alba

Verduno, Novello

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57
Q

When was the first IGT in Italy awarded?

A

1994

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58
Q

When was the DOC system first introduced? When were the first DOCGs awarded and to who?

A

1963

1980 – Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Barolo

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59
Q

Who makes Rocche di Falletto Riserva?

A

Bruno Giacosa

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60
Q

In what commune is the Ceretta cru of Barolo? Who owns 3 ha. there?

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Giacamo Conterno

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61
Q

Who makes Monfortino? What is the primary vineyard site, and what commune of Barolo does it come from?

A

Giacamo Conterno; Cascina Francia in Serralunga d’Alba

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62
Q

Who makes Barolo Granbussia? From what sites?

A

Aldo Conterno; Romirasco, Cicala & Colonello on the Bussia slope.

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63
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo, Barolo Rsva., Barbaresco, and Barbaresco Rsva.?

A

Barbaresco: 26 months from 11/1 of harvest year (at least 9 months in oak). Barolo: 38 (18). Barbaresco Rsva: 50 (9). Barolo Rsva: 62 (18).

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64
Q

Name 5 crus of the Barbaresco commune?

A

Asili, Roncagliette, Martinenga, Rabajà, Pajé, Ovello, Montefico, Cole, Montestefano, Secondine, Muncagota, Pora, Rio Sordo

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65
Q

Name 5 crus of Monforte d’Alba?

A

Bussia, Ginestra, Santo Stefano (part of Perno), Perno, Castelletto, Ginestra, Mosconi

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66
Q

Name 5 crus of Castiglione Falletto.

A

Bricco Rocche, Monprivato, Villero, Bricco Fiasco, Bricco Boschis, Vignolo, Codana, Scarrone, Pira, Rocche di Castiglione

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67
Q

Name 5 crus of Serralunga d’Alba.

A

Lazzarito, Cerretta, Cascina Francia, Fontanafredda, Baudana, Gabutti, Brea, Parafada, Marenca, Rivette, Vignarionda, Broglio, Colombaro, Ornato, Falletto

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68
Q

Name 3 crus of La Morra.

A

Brunate, Cerequio, Le Rocche, Serradenari, Bricco San Biagio, Annunziata, Arborina, Gattera, Rocche dell’Annuziata

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69
Q

Name 3 crus of the Barolo commune.

A

Brunate, Cannubi, Sarmassa, Fossati, Rue, San Pietro, Cerequio, San Lorenzo, Castellero, Vignane, Monrobiolo di Bussia, Paiagallo, Le Coste, Bricco delle Viole

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70
Q

How many hectares comprise Barolo? Barbaresco?

A

1800; 700

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71
Q

What are the four communes of Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso, San Rocco Seno d’Elvio

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72
Q

What are the three main provinces for grape growing in Piedmont? Which does Barolo and Barbaresco fall under?

A

Tortonian: calcerous marl; La Morra & Barolo (west side), softer style of wine. Helvetian: sandstone, lime, and chalk; Castiglione Falletto, Monforte d’Alba & Serralunga d’Alba (east side); more structure.

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73
Q

What does “bricco” mean? Why is it important in Piedmont?

A

Bricco is the summit of the hill; prized site for Nebbiolo, which needs sun exposure.

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74
Q

What are the three Barbaresco crus that Gaja makes wine from? Name the cru that two of them are sub-zones of?

A

Sori Tildin, Sori San Lorenzo, Costa Bussi. Costa Bussi and Sori Tildin are sub-zones of Roncagliette (part of the Barbaresco commune)

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75
Q

What DOCG do Veneto & Friuli share?

A

Lison

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76
Q

What are the two dry white wine DOCGs of Friuli? What are the cepage requirements?

A

Rosazzo DOCG: min. 50% Friulano. Lison DOCG (shared with Veneto): min. 85% Friulano (aka Tai).

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77
Q

What region does Veneto’s Prosecco DOC extend into?

A

Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

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78
Q

Name three indigenous red grapes of Friuli.

A

Refosco, Schiopettino, Pignolo

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79
Q

What is the most planted grape in Friuli?

A

Merlot

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80
Q

What is the sub-zone of Colli-Orientali del Friuli Picolit? What are its additional requirements for normale and riserva?

A

Cialla; higher min. alcohol (16% vs. 15%) and one more year of age (2 vs.1). Cialla also must be 100% Picolit vs. 85% for the DOCG. Cialla Riserva requires 4 years of aging.

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81
Q

What is the grape of Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Verduzzo

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82
Q

What are the two DOCGs for sweet passito wine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia?

A

Colli-Orientali del Friuli Picolit and Ramandolo

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83
Q

What is the most significant cru of Conegliano Valdobbiadene?

A

Cartizze

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84
Q

What is the name of the Prosecco grape?

A

Glera

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85
Q

What are the 2 DOCG zones of Prosecco?

A

Asolo Prosecco DOCG and Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

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86
Q

What is the required range of atmospheres of pressures for Prosecco spumante/frizzante?

A

Spumante: greater than 3.5. Frizzante: 1-2.5

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87
Q

Who makes Alzero? What is it?

A

Quintarelli; Cab Franc made through appassimento.

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88
Q

Who makes Ca del Merlo? What is it?

A

Quintarelli; single vineyard Ripasso Valpolicella. “House of the Blackbird”

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89
Q

Name the three Recioto DOCGs of Veneto, from east to west?

A

Recioto di Gambellara, Recioto di Soave, Recioto della Valpolicella

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90
Q

Who is the sole proprietor of Breganze Torcolato DOC? What style of wine is made?

A

Maculan; 100% Vespaiolo passito.

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91
Q

Where is the Breganze DOC?

A

In Venento.

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92
Q

What is the primary grape of the Gambellara DOC? What other grapes are allowed in what amounts?
What are the cepage requirements for Recioto di Gambellara DOCG?

A

Garganega; Trebbiano Toscano & Trebbiano di Soave, no more than 20% combined.
Recioto = 100% Garganega

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93
Q

What are the aging requirements for Soave Superiore DOCG, normale and riserva?

A

1 year (3 months in bottle), Riserva: 2 years.

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94
Q

What sub-regions must grapes come from to qualify for Soave Superiore and Recioto di Soave DOCGs?

A

Classico and/or Colli Scaligeri

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95
Q

Name the two DOCGs of Soave.

A

Recioto di Soave DOCG & Soave Superiore DOCG

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96
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Soave DOC? Gambellara DOC?

A

Min. 70% Garganega, with Trebbiano di Soave and Chardonnay.

Gambellara = Min. 80% with Trebbiano di Soave, Chardonnay, and Pinot Bianco

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97
Q

What is the rose made in Bardolino called?

A

Bardolino Chiaretto

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98
Q

What borders Bardolino on the west & east?

A

West: Lake Garda. East: Valpolicella Classico.

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99
Q

Define ripasso.

A

Refermented with unpressed grape skins previously fermented for Amarone or Recioto

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100
Q

Who makes CampoFiorin? What is it known for?

A

Masi; the first Ripasso.

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101
Q

Who is credited with inventing ripasso?

A

Ex-Masi oenologist Nino Franceschetti

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102
Q

What is the required alcohol for Valpolicella Ripasso and Ripasso Superiore DOCs?

A

12.5%/13%

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103
Q

What is corvinone?

A

An ancient clone of Corvina with low yields. Hard to grow.

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104
Q

What regions may be appended onto the Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

Classico or Valpantena

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105
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Amarone?

A

14%

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106
Q

What are the aging requirements for Riserva Amarone? Normale?

A

Normale: 2 years from 1/1 of year after harvest. Riserva: 4 years from 11/1 of harvest year.

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107
Q

How long are Amarone & Recioto grapes normally dried?

A

Amarone: 100-120 days. Recioto: Usually an additional month. Grapes may not be vinified before 12/1 of harvest year.

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108
Q

What are the lofts that grapes are dried in for Amarone called?

A

Fruttai

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109
Q

Where does the Classico region of Valpolicella lie?

A

On the western end of the region, near Bardolino and Lake Garda.

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110
Q

What is required to garner Valpolicella Superiore DOC?

A

Higher min. alcohol by 1% and 1 year aging.

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111
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Valpolicella DOC?

A

45-95% Corvina (Corvinone may be up to 50%), blended with Rondinella. Molinara, Negrara, and Oseleta may not exceed 15%.

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112
Q

What is the DOC for 100% Teroldego in Trentino?

A

Teroldego Rotaliano DOC

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113
Q

What is the predominant red grape of Alto Adige? What is the premier sub-zone for it?

A

Schiava; Santa Maddelena

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114
Q

What are the DOCs that spans both Trentino and Alto Adige?

A

Valdadige DOC, Lago di Caldaro DOC

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115
Q

Which DOC spans the border between Emilia-Romagna and Lombardy?

A

Lambrusco Montovano

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116
Q

What region of Italy is most Lambrusco made in? Where else can it be made?

A

Emilia-Romagna; Lombardy

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117
Q

Albana and Pignoletto – red or white grapes?

A

White!

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118
Q

What was Italy’s first DOCG for white wine and when was it awarded?

A

1987, Albana di Romagna

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119
Q

Name the two DOCGs of Emilia Romagna.

A

Albana di Romagna, Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto

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120
Q

What is the sole grape of Dolceaqua DOC? Where is it?

A

Rossese; Liguria

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121
Q

What is Dolcetto known as in Liguria?

A

Ormeasca

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122
Q

What is the grape of Colli di Luni DOC? Where is it?

A

Pigato; Liguria

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123
Q

What are the aging requirements for Valtellina Superiore and Superiore Riserva?

A

Superiore: 24 months (12 in cask).
Riserva: 36 months.

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124
Q

What are the aging and min. alcohol requirements for Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

Aged at least 2 years (Minimum 20 months of aging from April 1 of the year following the harvest, including at least 12 months in wood); 14% ABV

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125
Q

What style of wine is made in the Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

Recioto from Nebbiolo grapes (min. 90%)

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126
Q

What is ponca? What is it called in Slovenia?

A

Limestone/clay marl common in Friuli; Opoka

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127
Q

What does Torcolato refer to in Maculan’s wine of the same name?

A

Maculan produces the sweet wine Torcolato from the Breganze DOC in Veneto. It is made from 100% Vespaiolo grapes, which are dried for 4 months, twisted around a twine rope. “Torcolato” = “Twisted” and is a style of wine implying passito treatment from the Breganze DOC.

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128
Q

What is another name for Friulano in the Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Tai

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129
Q

What are the subzones of Alto Adige?

A 
Colli di Bolzano (Bozner Leiten)
Meranese (Meraner)
Santa Maddalena (St. Magdalener) and Santa Maddalena Classico
Terlano (Terlaner)
Valle Isarco (Eisacktaler)
Valle Venosta (Vinschgau)
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130
Q

What is the German name for Alto Adige?

A

Südtirol

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131
Q

Name three indigenous grape varieties to Alto Adige?

A

Schiava, Lagrein, Gewürztraminer

132
Q

Where did Kerner get its name and what are its parents?

A

Named after the German poet Justinus Kerner, this varietal is a hybrid of Trollinger and Riesling.

133
Q

Where did Marzemino get its name and what are its parents?

A

A genetic progeny of Teroldego and sibling of Lagrein, Marzemino is one of the major Trentino DOC red varietals. In the opera Don Giovanni, the titular character Don Giovanni calls out for a glass of Marzemino just before his deliverance into hell.

134
Q

Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains is known as what in Alto Adige?

A

Moscato Giallo

135
Q

If I see Rülander on a label of wine from the Alto Adige, what is the Italian translation of this variety and what percentage of this varietal must be in the bottle?

A

Pinot Grigio – varietally labeled wines must be 85% of the stated variety.

136
Q

What are the two ‘noble’ reds made from Schiava?

A

Lado di Caldaro/Kaltarersee and Santa Maddalena

137
Q

If you see “Cantina Produttori” or “Kellereigenossenschaft” on a label of Alto Adige wine, what does that tell you?

A

It comes from a cooperative winery.

138
Q

What 3 Barolo crus overlap Barolo and La Morra?

A

Brunate, Cerequio, Fossati

139
Q

Who makes Alteni di Brassica and what is it?

A

The Gaja family made history once again when it planted Sauvignon Blanc in the Barbaresco appellation in 1983. Today, the fruit for this mineral-driven expression of Sauvignon Blanc is sourced from the original plantings in Barbaresco and newer vineyards in Serralunga d’Alba. 6 months in barrique, 14.5% ABV.

140
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Arnad Montjovet?

A

Rouge only, at least 70% Picoutener

141
Q

What styles of wine may be made in Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle?

A

Bianco, Vendemmia Tardiva, and Mousseux from Prie Blanc.

142
Q

What are the grapes of Chambave?

A

Whites are 100% Moscato Bianco (passito and bianco); reds are min. 70% Petit Rouge

143
Q

What styles of wine are made in Donnas?

A

Min. 85% Picoutener; rouge only

144
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Enfer d’Arvier?

A

Min. 85% Petit Rouge

145
Q

What styles of wine can be made in Nus, and from what grapes?

A

Bianco and Bianco Passito – 100% Malvoisie (Pinot Gris)

Rouge – Vien de Nus & Petit Rouge

146
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Torrette?

A

Min. 70% Petit Rouge

147
Q

What subzones of Vallee d’Aosta can make only white wine? Only red? Both white and red?

A

Only white – Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle
Only red – Torrette, Donnas, Arnad-Montjevet, Enfer d’Arvier
Both – Chambave, Nus

148
Q

What styles of wine and with what grapes can be made in the Cinque Terre DOC?

A

Bianco, Cinque Terre Sciacchetrà (Passito, Riserva); min. 40% Bosco, max. 20% combined Vermentino and Albarola

149
Q

What two regions share Colli di Luni DOC?

A

Tuscany & Liguria

150
Q

What are the main white and red grapes of Colli di Luni Rosso and Colli di Luni Bianco? What grapes are allowed to be bottled varietally under the DOC?

A

Rosso – Sangiovese
Bianco – Vermentino and Trebbiano
Varietal – Vermentino and Albarola

151
Q

Where is Rossese di Dolceaqua DOC?

A

Liguria

152
Q

Name 5 DOCs of Liguria.

A

Cinque Terre, Riviera Ligure Ponete, Pornassio, Rossese di Dolceaqua, Colline di Levanto, Portofino, Colli di Luni, Val Polcèvera

153
Q

What is the province of Trentino? Alto Adige?

A

Trentino – Trento

Alto Adige – Bolzano Bozen

154
Q

What are the DOCs of Vallee d’Aosta?

A

Just Vallee d’Aosta!

155
Q

What are the DOCs of Alto Adige?

A

Only three: Alto Adige/Sudtirol, Lago di Caldaro/Caldaro (Kalterersee/Kalterer), Valdadige (Etschtaler)

156
Q

What is Lambrusco called in Alto Adige/Trentino? What DOC calls for its usage?

A

Enantio; Valdadige Rosso calls for min. 50% Enantio and/or Schiava

157
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Lago di Caldaro DOC?

A

Min. 85% Schiava (Gentile and/or Grigia), max. 15% Pinot Nero and/or Lagrein

158
Q

What is Scelto?

A

Also known as Auslese, it is a designation in the Lago di Caldaro DOC for late-harvested grapes – dry wine with a higher alcohol content

159
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Trento DOC?

A

Trento is a DOC for metodo classico sparkling wine (bianco, rosato, riserva) in Trentino. Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, Pinot Bianco, and Pinot Meunier are allowed in any combination. 15 months lees for NV, 24 for vintage, 36 for riserva

160
Q

What are the DOCs of Trentino?

A

Trentino, Trento, Valdadige, Valdadige Terradeiforti, Casteller, Teroldego Rotaliano, Lago di Caldaro

161
Q

If a dry, white wine is labeled Trentino DOC, what must the majority part of the grapes be?

A

Min. 80% Chardonnay and/or Pinot Bianco

162
Q

What is rosato also known as in Trentino?

A

Kretzer

163
Q

What are rosso wines from Trentino DOC composed of?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc

164
Q

What are the DOCGs of Veneto?

A 
Bardolino Superiore
Amarone della Valpolicella
Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco
Colli Asolani (Asolo Prosecco)
Colli di Conegliano
Colli Euganei Fior d'Arancio
Fruilaro di Bagnoli
Lison
Montello Rosso
Piave Malanotte
Recioto della Valpolicella
Recioto di Soave
Recioto di Gambellara
165
Q

What are the communes of production for Amarone della Valpolicella Classico DOCG?

A

Fumane, Negrar, Marano, Sant’Ambrogio and San Pietro in Cariano

166
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG and Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

45-95% Corvina (Corvinone may substitute for 50%)
5-30% Rondinella
Up to 25% other grapes

167
Q

What is the maximum RS for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

12 g/L

168
Q

How much of a producer’s yield may go towards Amarone production?

A

No more than 65% of a producer’s total maximum yield can be used to produce Amarone (the remainder may be used for Valpolicella DOC or Valpolicella Ripasso DOC)

169
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Bardolino Superiore DOCG?

A

35-65% Corvina Veronese
10-40% Rondinella
Maximum 20% combined other

170
Q

What is Refrontolo?

A

A style of wine made in the Colli di Conegliano DOCG from at least 95% Marzemino, both in Rosso and Passito styles

171
Q

What is Torchiato di Fregona?

A

A passito wine (mandatory mat drying of 150 days) made in the Colli de Conegliano DOCG from a min. 30% Glera.

172
Q

Where is Colli Euganei Fior d’Arancio DOCG, and what is the primary grape?

A

Veneto; Moscato Giallo

173
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco, Spumante Superiore, and Spumante di Cartizze?

A

Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco: 10.5%
Spumante Superiore: 11%
Spumante di Cartizze: 11.5%

174
Q

What is “Rive” in regards to Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco?

A

Rive is a hillside vineyard; Spumante Superiore can be labeled with one (of 43) and must have a vintage date

175
Q

Where is the Friularo di Bagnoli (Bagnoli Friularo) DOCG, and what is the dominant grape?

A

Veneto; Raboso Piave

176
Q

Where is the Montello Rosso/Montello DOCG, and what are the dominant grapes?

A

Veneto; Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot

177
Q

Where is the Piave Malanotte/Malanotte del Piave DOCG and what is the dominant grape?

A

Veneto; Raboso Piave

178
Q

What is the minimum harvest/potential/acquired alcohol for Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

11/14/12

179
Q

What is the minimum RS for Recioto di Soave DOCG?

A

70 g/L

180
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Recioto di Soave DOCG?

A

At least 70% Garganega; Maximum 30% combined Trebbiano di Soave, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco

181
Q

What communes make up the Classico zone of Soave?

A

Soave and Monforte d’Alpone

182
Q

What is Trebbiano di Soave?

A

Verdicchio

183
Q

What DOC straddling Lombardia and Veneto is devoted to Trebbiano di Soave?

A

Lugana DOC; must be at least 90% Trebbiano di Soave

184
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit?

A

Minimum 85% Picolit, maximum 15% other white grapes of Friuli, excluding Gewürztraminer
Cialla: 100% Picolit

185
Q

Where is the commune of Udine centered?

A

Friuli

186
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Carso Rosso?

A

Min. 70% Terrano

187
Q

Where is the Collio Goriziano DOC found?

A

Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

188
Q

Name 5 DOCs of Friuli-Venezia-Giulia.

A

Carso, Collio Goriziano/Collio, Friuli Annia, Friuli Aquileia, Friuli Colli Orientali, Friuli Grave, Friuli Isonzo/Isonzo del Friuli, Friuli Latisana, Lison-Pramaggiore, Prosecco

189
Q

What two regions is the Prosecco DOC in?

A

Veneto & Friuli-Venezia-Giulia

190
Q

What are the DOCGs of Lombardia?

A

Valtellina Superiore, Franciacorta, Oltrepo Pavese, Scanzo (Moscato di Scanzo), Sforzato di Valtellina

191
Q

What sweetness level can Franciacorta Saten be made in?

A

Only Brut (less than 12 g/L RS).

192
Q

Six new DOCs were created within Oltrepo Pavese in 2010. What are they?

A

Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese, Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Grigio, Pinot Nero dell’Oltrepò Pavese, Casteggio, Sangue di Giuda dell’Oltrepò Pavese/Sangue di Giuda, Buttafuoco dell’Oltrepò Pavese/Buttafuoco (the last two were formerly subzones of Oltrepo Pavese)

193
Q

What DOCs are shared between Lombardia and Veneto?

A

Lugana & Garda

194
Q

What is the maximum pressure for Moscato d’Asti?

A

2 bars

195
Q

What is the alcohol range for Moscato d’Asti DOCG?

A

4.5-6.5% acquired (11% potential)

196
Q

What are the subzones of Asti DOCG?

A

Canelli, Strevi, Santa Vittoria d’Alba

197
Q

What does “Vigna” refer to in terms of Barolo/Barbaresco?

A

“Vigna” refers to a single vineyard wine: 100% of grapes must come from a named vineyard used in conjunction with a geographic designation. Vineyard must be at least 7 years of age; 7.2 tons/ha vs. 8 tons/ha

198
Q

When was Barbaresco awarded DOC/DOCG status?

A

1966/1980

199
Q

What three communes are entirely included in the Barolo DOCG? What are the 6 that are partially within the DOCG?

A

Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba

Monforte d’Alba, La Morra, Diano d’Alba, Novello, Verduno, Grinzane Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi

200
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Barolo? Barbaresco?

A

13%/12%

201
Q

What are the secondary grapes allowed in Barbera d’Asi DOCG?

A

Min. 85% Barbera, with Freisa, Grignolino and Dolcetto allowed

202
Q

What are the subzones of Barbera d’Asti DOCG? Which has different cepage requirements?

A

Tinella, Colli Astiani (Astiano), Nizza; Colli Asitiani requires 90% Barbera (vs. 85%)

203
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbera d’Asti Superiore and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore?

A

14 months from 11/1 of harvest year including 6 months in oak.

204
Q

What styles of wine can be made in the Bracquetto d’Acqui DOCG?

A 
Rosso (maximum pressure 2 bars) 
Rosso Spumante (Traditional or Charmat Method)
Rosso Passito (min. 50 g/L RS)
205
Q

What Langhe DOCG has 77 classified Sori?

A

Diano d’Alba/Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba

206
Q

What DOCG for Dolcetto is not in the Langhe? What province is it in?

A

Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore; Alessandria

207
Q

What style of wine can be made in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?

A

Bianco
Spumante (Traditional Method)
Passito
Passito Riserva

208
Q

What DOC does Caluso share a consorzio with?

A

Carema

209
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Serradenari

A

La Morra (highest cru in La Morra; supplied grapes for Giacosa’s “Barolo Croera”, only produced in 2004)

210
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco San Biagio

A

La Morra; Luigi Grimaldi, Oddero

211
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Annunziata

A

La Morra; Silvio Grasso “Barolo Vigna Plicotti”

212
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Arborina

A

La Morra; Elio Altare, Bovio

213
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Gattera

A

La Morra; F. Revello, Cordero di Montezemolo “Riserva Gorette”

214
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rocche dell’Annunziata

A

La Morra; Ratti, Revello, Scavino

215
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco Rocca

A

La Morra

216
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Conca

A

La Morra; Ratti, Revello

217
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco Luciani

A

La Morra; Silvio Grasso

218
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): La Serra

A

La Morra; Robert Voerzio

219
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rue

A

Barolo; Germano, Silvio Grasso

220
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Fossati

A

La Morra/Barolo; Enzo Boglietti, Vajra

221
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): San Pietro

A

Barolo; Viberti, Vajra, Giacamo Borgogno

222
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Sarmassa

A

Barolo; Marchesi di Barolo, Scarzello “Vigna Merenda”

223
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Cerequio

A

Barolo/La Morra; Chiarlo

224
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Brunate

A

Barolo/La Morra; Ceretto, Rinaldi

225
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): San Lorenzo

A

Barolo; supplies grapes for Bartolo Mascarello and is adjacent to Cannubi San Lorenzo

226
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Castellero

A

Barolo; Fratelli Barale, Giacamo Brezza

227
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Vignane

A

Barolo

228
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Monrobiolo di Bussia

A

Barolo; an extension of the Bussia vineyard in Monforte d’Alba

229
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Paiagallo

A

Barolo; Fontanafredda “Vigneto La Villa”

230
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Le Coste

A

Barolo; Grimaldi, Rinaldi “Brunate-Le Coste”

231
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco delle Viole

A

Barolo; Vajra, Viberti

232
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Cannubi

A

Barolo; Chiarlo, Damilano, Scavino, Marchesi di Barolo, Ceretto, E. Pira, Luigi Einaudi

233
Q

Name the 5 geographical designations that producers can label as “Cannubi” since its expansion?

A

Cannubi, Cannubi Muscatel, Cannubi San Lorenzo, Canubi Valletta, Cannubi Boschis

234
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Cannui Boschis

A

Barolo; Luciano Sandrone, Francesco Rinaldi

235
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bussia

A

Monforte d’Alba/Barolo (292/7); Aldo Conterno

236
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Perno

A

Monforte d’Alba; Giuseppe Mascarello, Rocche dei Manzoni “Vigna Cappella”

237
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Castelletto

A

Monforte d’Alba; Abbona, Pira, Seghesio

238
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Ginestra

A

Monforte d’Alba; Domenico Clerico “Ciabot Mentin” and “Pajana”, Elio Grasso “Gavarini Vigna Chiniera” and “Case Mate”

239
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Mosconi

A

Monforte d’Alba; Domenico Clerico “Percristina”, Rocche dei Manzoni “Big’d Big”

240
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco Boschis

A

Castiglione Falletto; Cavallotto (near monopole)

241
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Vignolo

A

Castiglione Falletto; Cavallotto, Scavino

242
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Codana

A

Castiglione Falletto; Giuseppe Mascarello, Francesco Rinaldi, Vietti

243
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Monprivato

A

Castiglione Falletto; Giuseppe Mascarello

244
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Fiasco

A

Castiglione Falletto; Scavino

245
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Villero

A

Castiglione Falletto; Brovia, Codero di Montezemolo “Barolo Vigna Enrico VI”, Giuseppe Mascarello, Vietti

246
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco Rocche

A

Castiglione Falletto; Brovia, Ceretto

247
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Scarrone

A

Castiglione Falletto; Oddero “Barolo Rocche dei Rivera”

248
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Pira

A

Castiglione Falletto; Roagna

249
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rocche di Castiglione

A

Castiglione Falletto/Monforte d’Alba; Brovia, Vietti

250
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Fontanafredda

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Fontanafredda “Vigna la Rosa”

251
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Baudana

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Oddero

252
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Cerretta

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Elio Altare, Giacomo Conterno, Azelia, Schiavenza

253
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Gabutti

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Capellano “Otin Fiorin Pie Franco” and “Otin Fiorin Rupesris”, Ceretto “Barolo Grignore”

254
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Parafada

A

Serralunga d’Alba

255
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Lazzarito

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Fontanafredda “Vigna la Delizia”, Vietti, Germano

256
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Brea

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Brovia “Ca’Mia”

257
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Marenca

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Luigi Pira, Gaja

258
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rivette

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Gaja, Luigi Pira, Massolino (most of the land Gaja uses for cultivation of white grapes)

259
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Vignarionda

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Massolino, Oddero, Luigi Pira, Giovanni Rosso

260
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Broglio

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Elio Altare, Bruno Giacosa

261
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Colombaro

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Gaja, Pio Cesare

262
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Ornato

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Pio Cesare

263
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Falletto

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Bruno Giacosa (monopole) – source of “Le Rocche del Falletto Riserva”

264
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Francia

A

Serralunga d’Alba; Giacomo Conterno (monopole)

265
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Ovello

A

Barbaresco; Produttori

266
Q

What is the largest cru in all Barbaresco?

A

Ovello

267
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Montefico

A

Barbaresco; Produttori

268
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Cole

A

Barbaresco; Moccagatta (monopole)

269
Q

What cru of Barbaresco is a natural extension of Montestefano?

A

Cole

270
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Montestefano

A

Barbaresco; Produttori, Serafino Rivella

271
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Secondine

A

Barbaresco; Gaja

272
Q

In what cru is Gaja’s San Lorenzo?

A

Secondine

273
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Paje

A

Barbaresco; Produttori, Roagna

274
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Muncagota

A

Barbaresco; Moccagotta, Produttori

275
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Pora

A

Barbaresco; Produttori

276
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Asili

A

Barbaresco; Ceretto, Chiarlo, Giacosa, Produttori

277
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Martinenga

A

Barbaresco; Marchesi di Gresy (monopole)

278
Q

What are the subzones of Martinenga?

A

Gaiun and Camp Gros

279
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rabaja

A

Barbaresco; Castello di Verduno, Bruno Rocca, Produttori

280
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Roncagliette

A

Barbaresco; Gaja

281
Q

What cru contains the vineyard sites Sori Tildin and Costa Russi, and who famously makes them?

A

Roncagliette in Barbaresco; Gaja

282
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Rio Sordo

A

Barbaresco; Produttori, Cascina delle Rose

283
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Albesani

A

Neive; Bruno Giacosa, Castelle di Neive (contains the highly regarded sub-zone Santa Stefano)

284
Q

What cru is Santa Stefano a sub-zone of and who famously makes it?

A

Albesani; Bruno Giacosa

285
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Gallina

A

Neive; La Spinetta, Oddero

286
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Basarin

A

Neive; Fratelli Giacosa, Moccagatta

287
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Serraboella

A

Neive; Paitin “Sori Paitin”, Vietti “Masseria”

288
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Pajore

A

Treiso; Gaja owns most of this, though he doesn’t use it on any labels

289
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Valeirano

A

Treiso; La Spinetta, Ada Nada

290
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Giacosa

A

Treiso; Fratelli Grasso, Gaja (Gaja owns most of the vineyards in this site, which he plants to Chardonnay)

291
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Bricco di Treiso

A

Treiso; Pio Cesare

292
Q

Name that commune (producers/bottlings where applicable): Nervo

A

Treiso; Pertinace, Rizzi

293
Q

What is the smallest cru in the DOCG of Barbaresco? Commune?

A

Rabajà-Bas, located in the commune of Barbaresco.

294
Q

From which cru does most of Moccagatta’s “Bric Balin” come? In which commune is it in?

A

Muncagöta. A smaller portion also comes from the cooler sit of Cars.
It is in Barbaresco.

295
Q

Name two producers of the ‘Asili’ cru. In which commune is it in?

A

Ceretto, Michele Chiarlo, Bruno Giacosa, Produttori del Barbaresco
It is in Barbaresco.

296
Q

What is the largest vineyard in the commune of Treiso?

A

Meruzzano

297
Q

Who owns most of the Pajore vineyard? In what commune is it in? What are two other producers?

A

Gaja owns most of this vineyard, located in Treiso. He doesn’t use the name Pajore on the label though. Two other producers are Rizzi and Sottimano.

298
Q

Which of Bruno Giacosa’s Barbaresco cru bottlings is the only to have ever earned his prestigious red label? In what years?

A

Asili 1967, 1990, 2007

299
Q

Since purchasing his own vineyards in the 1990s, what is the only remaining Barbaresco cru from which Bruno Giacosa buys his fruit? How long has he been making wine from this cru?

A

Gallina, since 1978

300
Q

What is the Trifolera Cru known for? Commune?

A

Barbera and Dolcetto, not Nebbiolo.

301
Q

What helps the Cru of Basarin produces uniformly high quality grapes despite it’s large size?

A

Though it’s one of the larger crus of Barbaresco, all of the vineyards are south-facing and very steep.

302
Q

Martinenga, located in the commune of Barbaresco, is a monopole of whom?

A

Marchesi di Gresy, they make 2 bottlings, Gaiun (30 months in French oak) and Camp Gros (6 mo in French and 24 mo in large Slovenian oak)

303
Q

Up until 2005, Rabaja was part of what other cru?

A

Asili. Bruno Giacosa bottled a wine from here during that time

304
Q

Ada Nada and La Spinetta both make wine from one of Treiso’s better crus…which could this be?

A

Valeirano

305
Q

True or False, Giacosa makes wine from the Giacosa Cru?

A

False. Gaja does though. Most of his Chardonnay comes from here

306
Q

What very small cru is just an extension of the Giacosa cru in Treiso?

A

Casot

307
Q

What are the aging requirements for Gattinara and Gattinara Riserva DOCG? Ghemme and Ghemme Riserva DOCG?

A

Gattinara: minimum 3 years, including one year in wood, from December 1 of the harvest year
Gattinara Riserva: 4 years, including two years in wood, from December 1 of the harvest year

Ghemme: minimum 3 years, including a minimum 20 months in wood and 9 months in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year
Ghemme Riserva: minimum 4 years, including a minimum 25 months in wood and 9 months in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year

308
Q

What are the cepage requirements for Ghemme and Gattinara?

A

Gattinara – at least 90% Spanna w/ maximum 10% in total of Bonarda di Gattinara and Vespolina (Vespolina cannot exceed 4%)
Ghemme – at least 75% Spanna w/ combined max. 25% Vespolina and Uva Rara

309
Q

What 5 styles of wine can be made in the Gavi/Cortese di Gavi DOCG?

A 
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi (Tranquillo)
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Riserva
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Frizzante
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Spumante
Gavi/Cortese di Gavi Spumante Metodo Classico Riserva
310
Q

What requirements are levied against Gavi Tranquillo wines?

A

Tranquillo wines may display only “slight traces” of wood flavors

311
Q

What province is Roero DOCG in?

A

Cuneo

312
Q

What styles of wine can be made in Roero DOCG?

A

Roero (rosso)
Roero Riserva (rosso)
Roero Arneis (bianco)
Roero Arneis Spumante

313
Q

A DOCG wine bearing a “Vigna” designation requires more stringent standards in regards to what?

A

Older vines and lower yields

314
Q

What are the aging requirements for Roero and Roero Riserva?

A

Roero: minimum 20 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including a minimum 6 months in wood (may be released from July 1 of the second year following the harvest)

Roero Riserva: minimum 32 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including a minimum 6 months in wood (may be released from July 1 of the third year following the harvest)

315
Q

What province is Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato in?

A

Asti

316
Q

What are the cepage requirements of Ruche di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG?

A

90% Ruchè, plus max. 10% combined Barbera and Brachetto

317
Q

What is the northernmost DOC in Piedmont?

A

Boca

318
Q

What are the cepage requirements of Boca DOC?

A

45-70% Nebbiolo, 20-40% Vespolina, Max. 20% Uva Rara

319
Q

What are the aging requirements for Boca DOC?

A

Wines must be aged for a minimum of three years (two in oak or chestnut)

320
Q

What are the cepage and aging requirements for Carema DOC?

A

Carema must be aged for 3 years (2 in wooden casks of no more than 40 hl), Carema Riserva must be aged for 4 years (including 30 months in wood and 1 year in bottle); Min. 85% Nebbiolo

321
Q

What DOCs/DOCGs does Costa delle Sesia DOC overlap?

A

Gattinara DOCG, Lessona DOC, Bramaterra DOC

322
Q

What are the main white and red grapes of Costa delle Sesia DOC?

A

Erbaluce and Nebbiolo

323
Q

Name three variants of Lambrusco?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Lambrusco Salamino

324
Q

Name three players of consequence in Verduno:

A

Burlotto
Castello di Verduno
Fratelli Alessandria

325
Q

what are the various “parts” of Cannubi, when did this change, and how big is it now?

A 
Cannubi-Cannubi
Cannubi-Valetta
Cannubi-Muscatel
Cannubi-San Lorenzo
Cannubi-Boschis

2010

34hz now, from an original 15hz

Wines of Italy (30 decks)

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