Italy: Booklet 1 (1830-1849)

Question 1

Name some social barriers to unity in 1830

Answer 1

• Strong class division
• Political apathy amongst the peasantry (particularly south due to illiteracy)
• Only 2.5% speak Italian and those who do not speak different languages and dialects e.g. French, German, Italian dialect, kitchen languages
• Middle classes frustrated by aristocracy

Question 2

Name some economic barriers to unity in 1830

Answer 2

• Economic/industrial divide (North had some light industry and a strong agrarian economy. South had weaker agriculture and relied more so on subsistence farming)
• Trade very difficult due to customs tariffs and geography e.g. 22 customs tariffs on the River Po

Question 3

Name some political barriers to unity in 1830

Answer 3

• All states were individually ruled by distinct monarchies/theocracies
• Strong foreign power influence
• Differing political systems and sympathies between states

Question 4

Which states saw Austrian influence and in what way?

Answer 4

Venetia - Direct Austrian control
Lombardy - Direct Austrian control
Tuscany - Family alliance (cousin of emperor)
Modena - Family alliance (cousin ‘’)
Piedmont - Family connections (cousin ‘’)
Parma - Family connections (aunt ‘’)
Naples - Family connections (aunt ‘’)

Question 5

Give 6 factors which contributed to the failure of the 1830 revolutions

Answer 5

1. Localised
2. Moderate
3. Lacked popular support
4. Ill equipped
5. French failure
6. Austrian power