Booklet 2 - Industrialisation Flashcards
By how much did crop yields increase as a result of enclosure?
40%
How many miles of turnpikes were there in 1836?
22,000
In 1836, what percentage of all road mileage was turnpike roads?
20%
How much did enclosure cost per hectare?
£12
How many miles of railway track were open by 1850?
6000
In what year was the first Welsh railway completed?
1841
In what year was the first Scottish railway completed?
1842
How many times more rail was there at the end of Queen Victoria’s reign than in 1850?
3x
Between 1775 and 1801, by how much did the population of Manchester grow?
24,000 (30,000 to 54,000)
In 1851. what percentage of the population lived in an urban environment?
50%
How large was the British population in 1851?
16.9 million
In 1801, which British towns had >50,000 residents?`
London, Edinburgh, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol, and Leeds
In 1801, what percentage of the population lived in London?
8%
How many times larger than Paris was London in 1801?
2x
What was Wales’ largest town in 1800 and how many people resided there?
Merthyr - 8000
What percentage of iron was smelted in only 5 Welsh coalfields between 1796-1806?
95%
How many furnaces were built in South Wales between 1796-1806?
100
When was the Bank of England founded?
1694
How many banks were there nationwide in 1784?
119
How many banks were there nationwide in 1808?
800
In what year was the Banking Act?
1826
What did the Banking Act do?
Restricted the issuing of notes by smaller banks
When and where was the first joint stock bank founded?
October 1826, Lancashire
When were county banks given permission to issue bank notes?
1797
When was the cap on joint stock banks removed?
1826
In which year did parliament allow joint stock banks to issue cheques?
1833
Between 1761 and 1833, by how much did the value of cotton industry exports increase?
£297 million (£3 million to £300 million)
When was Arkwright’s water frame introduced?
1769
Who invented the spinning mule and in what year was it introduced?
Samuel Crompton, 1779
What did the Marquess of Bute build in 1839?
The docks at Cardiff Bay
When was the steam engine introduced to industry?
1769
How many cities had a population of 50,000-100,000 in 1850?
20
How many cities had a population >100,000 in 1850?
9
How many workers were there nationally in 1851?
9.7 million
What percentage of workers in 1851 were employed in textile factories?
6%
What number of workers did the average Lancashire cotton factory employ in 1841?
<100
Where in the UK was the centre of agriculture?
South East
Where in the UK was the centre of cotton?
Lancashire
Where in the UK was the centre of steel?
Sheffield
Where in the UK was the centre of pottery?
Staffordshire
Where in the UK was the centre of coal?
South Wales and the Midlands
Where in the UK was the centre of iron?
South Wales
Where in the UK was the centre of tin?
South West
From 1801 to 1851, by what average rate did urban areas grow?
23%-29%
In the 1810s, by what percentage did Glasgow’s population grow?
46%
In the 1820s, by what percentage did Manchester’s population grow?
44%
By what percentage did Bradford’s population grow in the 1810s?
63%
By what percentage did Bradford’s population grow in the 1820s?
69%
By what percentage did Bradford’s population grow in the 1830s?
52%
What percentage of children failed to reach 5 in Manchester and Sheffield in 1830?
50%
What fraction of workers were employed in industry in 1801?
2/5
What fraction of workers were employed in industry in 1871?
2/3
From and to what percentage did workers employed in agriculture change between 1801 and 1871?
35% to 15%