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Italy Flashcards

1
Q

When were the first DOCGs awarded in Italy? What were they?

A

1980: Brunello, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Barolo

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2
Q

When was the Italian DOC/G system introduced?

A

1963

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3
Q

What did Goria’s Law do? When?

A

1992: Established the IGT and attempted to reform wine laws, giving producers more freedom.

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4
Q

How long much a DOC wait before applying for DOCG status?

A

5 years

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5
Q

What is the EU equivalent of IGT

A

PDI (Protected Geographical Indication

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6
Q

What mountains run down the center of Italy?

A

Apennine Mountains

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7
Q

What does Piedmont mean?

A

“foot of the mountain”

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8
Q

Piedmont is surrounded on three sides by what?

A

Apennines and Alps

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9
Q

What river runs east-to-west through Piedmont?

A

Po River

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10
Q

Why are most of Piedmont’s vineyards located on the hillsides?

A

The alluvial valleys are too fertile for viticulture

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11
Q

Describe the climate of Piedmont

A

Continental climate - rain shadow provided by the Alps. Autumn hail is an issue

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12
Q

On what Piedmontese hills are most vineyards located?

A

Monferrato and Langhe hills

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13
Q

What are sorì?

A

Prized southern Piedmontese exposures suitable for Nebbiolo

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14
Q

Describe the Nebbiolo grape and the wine it typically produces

A

Thin-skinned, late-ripening black grape producing high acid, high alcohol, high tannin red wines capable of very long aging.

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15
Q

From where does Nebbiolo get its name?

A

“La Nebbia” the morning fog that extends the grapes’ ripening time in the fall

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16
Q

Which ripens earliest: Nebbiolo, Dolcetto, Barbera?

A

Dolcetto

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17
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in Piedmont?

A

Barbera

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18
Q

Name any other red grapes of Piedmont (Not Barbera, Nebbiolo, Docletto)

A

Brachetto, Grignolino, Ruchè, Croatina, Bespolina, Freisa

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19
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Piedmont? What type of wine is typically made with it and where?

A

Moscato Bianco / Muscat à Petits Grains

Sparkling wines in Asti

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20
Q

Name four white Piedmontese grapes, not Moscato Bianco

A

Cortese, Arneis, Erbaluce, Favorita/Vermentino

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21
Q

What is Vermentino called in Piedmont?

A

Favorita

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22
Q

Barolo and Barbaresco both border which river?

A

Tanaro

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23
Q

How many DOCGs are in Piedmont?

Name as many Piedmontese as possible

A 
17
Alta Langa
Asti
Barbaresco
Barbera d'Asti
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore
Barolo
Brachetto d'Acqui
Dogliani
Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba
Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore
Erbaluce di Caluso/Caluso
Gattinara
Gavi/Coretse di Gavi
Ghemme
Nizza
Roero
Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato
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24
Q

Which five communes produce the most Barolo?

A

La Morra, Barolo, Serralunga d’Alba, Monforte d’Alba, Castiglione Falletto

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25
Q

Name and describe the two most common soil types in Barolo, and locate them

A

Tortonian (calcareous marl): La Morra, Barolo

Helvetian sandstone: Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Alba

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26
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barolo and Barolo Riserva?

A

Barolo: 38 months aging from November 1 following harvest, including 18 months in oak

Barolo Riserva: 62 months from November 1 following harvest, including 18 in oak

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27
Q

How many communes may produce Barolo? Name as many as possible

A

12: Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Serralunga d’Alba, Monforte d’Alba, La Morra, Diano d’Alba, Novello, Verduno, Grinzane, Cavour, Cherasco, Roddi

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28
Q

What is the minimum alcohol % for Barolo?

A

13%

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29
Q

What is the meaning of “menzioni geografiche aggiuntive” on a Barolo or Barbaresco label?

A

That the wine comes from a “geographical designation” or cru, legally established in 2010/2007 respectively.

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30
Q

What is the minimum alcohol % for Barbaresco?

31
Q

What four communes may produce Barbaresco?

A

Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso, San Rocco Senodelvio

32
Q

What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco and Barbaresco Riserva?

A

Barbaresco: 26 months aging from November 1 following harvest, including 9 in wood. May be released January 1 of third year following harvest

Barbaresco Riserva: 50 months aging from November 1 following harvest, including 9 in wood. May be released January 1 of third year following harvest

33
Q

Where is Roero located relative to Barolo/Barbaresco?

A

Northwest of both, across the Tanaro river

34
Q

What is the principal soil type of Barbaresco?

A

Tortonian calcareous marl

35
Q

When was Roero DOCG established?

36
Q

Describe the stylistic differences between Gattinara DOCG/Ghemme DOCG and Barolo DOCG/Barbaresco DOCG?

A

Gattinara and Theme are typically lighter in body and more focused on acidity.

37
Q

What varieties are required for Roero, red and white?

A

Red: minimum 95% Nebbiolo
White: minimum 95% Arneis
5% other non-aromatic Piedmontese grapes

38
Q

What river borders both Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG?

A

Sesia River

39
Q

Synonym for Nebbiolo in Gattinara and Ghemme?

40
Q

What grapes are permitted for blending with Nebbiolo in Gattinara and Ghemme?

A

Vespolina and Bonarda

41
Q

What were the first DOCGs for the Barbera grape, and when were they added?

A

2008: Barbera d’Asti and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore

42
Q

What are the three DOCGs for Dolcetto?

A

Dogliani, Dolcetti di Ovada Superiore, Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba

43
Q

What was the first DOCG in Piedmont for still white wine?

A

Cortese di Gavi

44
Q

Vineyards in the Valle d’Aosta are located along which river?

A

Dora Baltea River

45
Q

What is the only DOC/G in Valle d’Aosta?

A

Valle d’Aosta DOC

46
Q

What are the sub zones of Valle d’Aosta DOC?

A

Arnad Montjovet, Blanc de Morgex et de la Salle, Chambave, Donnas, Enger d’Arvier, Nus, Torrette

47
Q

Synonym for Nebbiolo in Valle d’Aosta?

A

Picotendro

48
Q

What white grapes are allowed for varietal designated wines in Valle d’Aosta?

A

Müller-Thurgau, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco, Chardonnay, Petite Arvine, Moscato Bianco, Traminer, Gweürztraminer, Pinot Nero (vinified white)

49
Q

What red grapes are allowed for varietal designated white in Valle d’Aosta?

A

Pinot Nero, Mayolet, Merlot, Premetta, Gamaret, Vuillermin, Fumin, Syrah, Cornalin, Nebbiolo, Petit Rouge

50
Q

When was the Franciacorta DOCG established?

51
Q

What grapes are permitted for Franciacorta DOCG?

A

Pinot Nero, Chardonnay, Pinot Bianco

52
Q

What are the aging requirements for Franciacorta and Franciacorta Riserva?

A

Franciacorta: 25 months from date of harvest, including 18 on lees post-tirage

Riserva: 67 months from date of harvest, including 60 on lees post-tirage

Tirage may not take place until February 1 the year following harvest

53
Q

What sweetness levels are permitted for Franciacorta Millesimato?

A

Dosaggio Zero, Extra Brut, Brut, Extra Dry

54
Q

What Lombardian DOCG other than Franciacorta produces traditional method sparkling wine?

A

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

55
Q

Synonym for Nebbiolo in Valtellina?

A

Chiavennasca

56
Q

What are the sub zones of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

Valgella, Inferno, Grumello, Sassella, Maroggia

57
Q

What is Valtellina Superiore called if bottled in Switzerland?

A

Stagafassli

58
Q

How long must grapes be dried for Moscato di Scanzo?

A

21 days after harvest

59
Q

Synonym for Vermention in Liguria?

60
Q

What was Italy’s first white wine DOCG and when was it established?

A

Romagna Albana - 1987

61
Q

What agricultural product is grown in the valleys of Trentino Alto-Adige?

62
Q

What is the primary grape of Valpolicella wines?

63
Q

What is the process for Amarone della Valpolicella?

A

The grapes are dried for 3+ months in lofts (fruttai) before fermentated until dry or nearly dry. Aged minimum of two years

64
Q

What is the traditional aging vessel for Amarone della Valpolicella?

A

large, neutral Slavonian botti

65
Q

What grapes are permitted for Soave?

A

Min 70% Garganega, plus Trebbiano di Soave and Charddonay

66
Q

What is the grape of Prosecco?

67
Q

What two DOCGs were established for Venetian sparkling wines, and when?

A

2009 - Asolo Prosecco DOCG, Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG

68
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Friuli?

69
Q

What body of water separates Sicily from mainland Italy?

A

Strait of Messina

70
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Sicily?

A

Catarratto

71
Q

What is the only DOCG in Sicily?

A

Cerasuolo di Vittoria

72
Q

Synonym for Grenache in Sicily/Sardinia?

73
Q

What is the only DOCG in Sardinia?

A

Vermention di Gallura

Wine Study (4 decks)

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