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Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four regions in northern Italy

A
  1. Piemonte
  2. Trentino Alto Adige
  3. Veneto
  4. Fruili Venezia Giulia
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2
Q

What is the climate in northern Italy? What are the hazards and how are they mitigated?

A

Moderate continental. Protected by the Alps from rain. Rivers and lakes moderate by reflecting heat and sun and also cooling breezes. Areas close to the sea get rainfall and are at risk of fungus. Pergolas are often used

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3
Q

How are vineyards planted in Alto Adige?

A

In the foothills of the Alps, the vineyards are planted On terraces on SE and SW facing valleys sides of the river Adige. Because if the altitude they have a large diurnal range.

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4
Q

What is the main white and main red grape variety in Alto Adige?

A

Pinot Grigio and Schiava.

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5
Q

What is a Pinot Grigio from alto Adige like?

A

Dry, light to medium body, high acidity, citrus and green fruit.

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6
Q

where are vineyards planted in Trentino and what is the climate?

A

On the valley floor as well as on slopes. The mountains protect the valleys from the cooling influences of Lake Garda. It’s warmer here than Alto Adige.

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7
Q

Compare a Pinot Grigio from Alto Adige, Trentino and Friuli.

A

In Alto Adige, which is higher and cooler, Pinot Grigio is light to medium bodied with high acidity and citrus and green fruit. In Trentino, where is it lower and warmer, Pinot Grigio is medium bodied with medium acidity and stone fruit flavors. In Friuli, Pinot Grigio is richest with medium to full body with peach and tropical fruit flavors.

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8
Q

What are the most planted black grapes in Trentino?

A

Merlot and Teroldego.

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9
Q

What is the climate of Friuli?

A

Moderate continental in the north, cooled by the cold air from the mountain, and warm maritime by the Adriatic Sea.

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10
Q

Where is Friulano grown and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

In Friuli and a white wine with medium to high acidity, medium body and aromas of pear, red apple and herbs.

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11
Q

Where is Schiava grown and what kind of wine does it produce?

A

In alto Adige and it’s light and fruity with low to medium tannins and flavors of raspberry and plum.

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12
Q

In Friuli, name two DOCs known for premium white wines.

A

Collio DOC and Colli Orientali DOC

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13
Q

What are the two best known wines from Veneto?

A

Suave and Valpolicella

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14
Q

What is Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC

A

A new denomination in 2017 that covers Veneto, Friuli, and Trentino. It’s widely used by producers who previously used one of the local IGTs

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15
Q

Describe the soil of Soave and how it influences the wine.

A

1) Soils in the foothills are made of limestone and clay and some volcanic rock. They are naturally cool and with the influence of altitude slow down ripening, leading to grapes with full flavor ripeness yet high acidity. They can mature.
2)in the plains the soil is Sandy and alluvial that aid ripening so wines are fruitier with medium acidity and meant to be drunk young.

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16
Q

Describe a Soave wine

A

Made of garganega it has medium to high acidity, medium body and aromas of pears, red apple, stone fruit and sometimes white pepper. No oak. When they age, they develop aromas of almonds and honey.

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17
Q

What is the soil like in Valpolicella and how does it influence the wine?

A

Like Soave, the limestone, clay and volcanic soil slow dow ripening so the grapes have more acidity. The soils in the flatter south are gravel and sand which is warmer so the grapes are fruitier with less acidity.

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18
Q

Describe a Valpolicella.

A

Made from Corvina, they have moderate color, low to medium tannins and high acidity. Local varieties may be blended to increase color and tannins. They are simple and fruity with red cherry flavors.

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19
Q

What is the passito method and what wine in Italy is it used for?

A

Used in Veneto to increase structure and flavor. The grapes are picked early with high acidity and dried indoors, concentrating the sugars and flavors. It’s used in Amarone and Recioto Della Valpolicella,

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20
Q

What is the name of a sweet red wine and a sweet white wine made in Veneto?

A

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
Recioto di Soave DOCG

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21
Q

What is the ripasso method and what wine in Veneto is made using it?

A

Grapes skins from a fermenting Amarone are drained off and added to a Valpolicella that has finished fermenting. The remaining sugar on the skins ferments and this gives more color flavors and tannins to the wine. It’s called Valpolicella Ripasso.

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22
Q

What is the climate of Piemonte

A

It is moderate continental and the mountains to the north provide a rain shadow protecting it from northern winds and rain. Hazards are thunderstorms, hail and fog. The foothills range from 150-600 meters.

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23
Q

What are the main grapes in Piemonte.

A

Black: Nebbiolo, Barbera and Dolcetto.
White: Cortese and Moscato

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24
Q

How high are vineyards planted in Barolo?

A

300 to 500 meters

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25
Q

Describe a barolo

A

100% Nebbiolo, high acidity, high tannins, little color, sour Cherry, herbs and dried flowers.

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26
Q

Name two premium DOCG in Barolo and two generic DOCs.

A

Serralunga d’Alba DOCG and Cannubi DOCG for Barolo. And Alba DOC and Langhe DOC for Dolcetto and Barbera

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27
Q

How long must Barolo be aged at a minimum?

A

38 months with 18 months on wood

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28
Q

How is Barbaresco wine different from
Barolo?

A

The lower altitude and influence from a river means that in Barbaresco, Nebbiolo ripens earlier and is fruitier and less perfumed but with similar acidity and tannins. It’s aged for a shorter time.

29
Q

How long must Barbaresco be aged at a minimum?

A

26 months with 9 in wood

30
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Asti and Alba?

31
Q

Is Barbera d’Alba or Barbera d’Asti higher quality?

32
Q

Which DOC region produces good Dolcetto wines?

A

Dolcetto d’ Alba DOC

33
Q

What grape is used in Gavi?

34
Q

Describe a Gavi wine.

A

Pale, light bodied, high acidity, citrus, green apples and pears. Usually no oak. Sometimes oak and lees stirring.

35
Q

What are the five regions of central Italy?

A

Tuscany, Umbria, Marche, Lazio and Abruzzo

36
Q

Chianti is based in the foothills of what mountains?

37
Q

How many sub zones in Chianti DOCG and name two with better quality.

A

7 and Chianti Rufina DOCG and Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG.

38
Q

How is Chianti Classico DOCG different from Chianti DOCG and how are the wines different?

A

The vineyards are at higher altitude, slowing the ripening and producing a wine with higher acidity and more herbal aromas.

39
Q

How long must Chianti Classico, Chianti Classico Riserva and Gran Selezione be aged?

A

12 months

24 months with at least 3 months in bottle

6 months longer than riserva.

40
Q

What are the two best known DOCGs in southern Tuscany?

A

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

41
Q

What are the rules for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

100% Sangiovese
5 years after harvest
2 years in wood

42
Q

What are the rules for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

A Sangiovese blend and aged a minimum of 2 years

43
Q

What IGT and DOC allow for super Tuscans?

A

Toscana IGT
Bolgheri DOC

44
Q

What is the climate of Umbria?

A

Like Tuscany, but more continental without maritime breezes

45
Q

What kind of wine is from Orvieto DOC and what regions are it in?

A

A white blend from Grechetto, Trebbiano and other grapes -Umbria and Lazio.

46
Q

What grape is used in prestigious Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG?

A

Sagrantino - thick skinned black grape - Umbria

47
Q

What is the best known wine in Lazio?

A

Frascati DOC - a blend of white grapes Malvasia and Trebbiano

48
Q

What grapes are used in Frascati DOC?

A

a blend of white grapes Malvasia and Trebbiano

49
Q

What flavors does Malvasia add to
A blend?

A

Floral and orange blossom Aromas

50
Q

What wine is Marche known for?

A

Verdicchio

51
Q

Describe an aged Verdicchio

A

High acidity, green apples, lemons, fennel, almonds developing notes of honey and almond with bottle age

52
Q

What wine is made in Conero DOCG?

A

Montepulciano and Sangiovese

53
Q

What are the two different Montepulciano?

A
  1. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is a DOCG in Tuscany using Sangiovese
  2. Montepulciano d’Abruzzo is made in abruzzo with the Montepulciano grape
54
Q

In southern Italy, what mitigates the heat?

A

The altitude of the vineyards on the slopes of the Apennines and the sea breezes cool the flatter terrain in Puglia

55
Q

What are the regions in southern Italy?

A

Campania
Puglia
Basilicata
Sicily

56
Q

What grapes produce the best white wine in Campania?

A

Fiano and Greco

57
Q

What are the DOCG for the best white wines in Campania?

A
  1. Fiano do Avellino docg
  2. Greco di tufo DOCG
58
Q

Describe a Fiano wine

A

Medium acidity, medium to full body, stone fruit, melon and mango. Can age in bottle with wax and honey aromas

59
Q

Describe a Greco wine

A

Higher acidity than Fiano, leaner in body, green apple, stone fruit and passion fruit. Might have lees stirring. Can age in bottle with honey and mushrooms

60
Q

What is the most prestigious black grape in south Italy?

61
Q

In Campania, where is Aglianico best?

A

Taurasi DOCG

62
Q

What is the best wine in Basilicata?

A

Aglianico del vulture doc

63
Q

Where are vineyards planted in Basilicata?

A

On the vast high plain around the extinct volcano of Monte vulture at 900 meters.

64
Q

What grapes dominate Puglia?

A

Negroamaro and Primitivo

65
Q

Where does the best primitivo come from?

A

Salice Salentino DOC

66
Q

What is the dominant black grape in Sicily?

A

Nero d’Avola

67
Q

Name two grapes in Etna DOC

A
  1. Nerello Mascalese - light bodied red, red fruits
  2. Nerello Cappuccio - cousin to the above and not as good, red fruits
68
Q

Describe the vineyards in Etna.

A

Old, low yield vines at high altitudes

69
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Italy?

Wine (9 decks)

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