- manages the function of a computer system - located in the CPU

IT UNIT 1 FUNDEMAENTALS OF IT Flashcards by Thomas Chittenden

processor

manages the function of a computer system
located in the CPU

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motherboard

main circuit board of a computer which components like CPU AND ROM are connected

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Power supply Unit

Coverts electricity from AC from the mains power supply to DC which computer system can use

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Random Access Memory Ram

stores all programs that are currently running

stores parts of operating system

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Read only Memory ROM

Stores boot program/BIOS for when computer is switched on BIOS then loads up operating system.

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cache memory

temporary storage stores data that is frequently accessed

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Magnetic storage

Type of secondary storage that users magnets to read and store data. Examples include floppy disks and hard disks.

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Optical storage

uses laser to project beams of lights on a spinning disk to read data from e.g. CD, DVD or Blue-ray

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Solid state storage

-no moving parts

-replacing magnetic HDDs because quieter, faster and less power

-e.g. USB stick, SD cards in camera and smartphones

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cloud storage

data is stored on large servers owned by hosting company- responsible for keeping servers running and making your data accessible on internet

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expansion cards

Have specific purpose and are attached to motherboard e.g.

-graphics card

-sound card

-network interface

-fibre channel

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ports

interface between external devices and computer allow data to be transferred

-USB port
-Firewire port
-SD port
-Ethernet port

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Desktop

-suitable for ordinary desk

-ordinary components can be upgraded

-carry out range of activities

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Tablet/Laptop advantages and disadvantages

-portable and perform same function as pc

-screen size can be restrictive

-transported in public places, theft or loss more likely

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Embedded systems

when smaller computer system is installed within a larger device

dedicated purpose and run in real-time.

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mainframe

-huge very powerful computer and reliable and secure

-process large amounts of data

-solve scientific and engineering problems

-very expensive and require team to oversee

Quantum

-Experimental and in development

-not limited to just 2 sates 0 and 1 unlike binary

-millions times faster then any other computer available

copper cables advantages and disaDVANTAGES

-Cheaper wired internet connection –susceptible to electromagnetic interference

-malleable and less likely to break

-lower bandwidth- cannot transmit much data as once

Fibre Optic Cables advanatges

-very fast but expensive

-transmit waves of light through glass tube

-higher bandwidth so can transfer more time at one time

Bluetooth

-Temporary short range communication

-close proximity is must and therefore disadvantage

-no hardware required for connection

GSM/5G

Global system for mobile communications allows mobile phones to connect to network

Hub

Receives data packets from connected device and transfers a copy to all connected nodes

Switch

receives data packets processes them and transfers them on to the device listed in destination address of packet

Modem

used to send data across the telephone network

Router

used to transfer data packets between networks

Wireless access point WAP

link between wireless and wired networks. creates wireless local area network that allows wifi enabled devices to connect to wired network

Combined device

hybrid device, provides functionality of multiple communication devices(router, switch or wireless access points) in a single device

Network interface card

an internal piece of hardware that is required for the computer to connect to a network

trouble shooting

to analyse and solve a problem with a computer system. hardware troubleshooting refers to fixing an issue with the physical parts of the computer

Documentation

Technicians and help desk staff document on a fault sheet any issues like -faulty system -user logged in -exact date ands time of problem -back up documentation

units of measurement

All computer systems communicate, process and store data using binary because this is the format that the processor understands.

metric units of measurement

kilobyte (KB)=1000bytes megabyte(MB)=1000 kilobytes Gigabyte(BG)=1000 megabytes Terabyte(TB)=1000 gigabytes petabytes(PB)=1000 terabytes

Binary units of measurement

Kibibyte(KiB)=1024 bytes mebibyte(MiB)=1024 kibibytes Gibibyte(GiB)=1024 mebibytes Tebibyte(TiB)=1024 gibibytes pebibyte(PiB)=1024 tebibytes

Binary

computer system process data and communicate entirely in binary bits=a single 0 or 1 nibbles=4 bits bytes=8 bits 2 possible values 0 or 1

Denary

base 10 number system possible values -0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

hexadecimal

base 16 number system 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F A=10 B=11 C=12 D=13 E=14 F=15